Impaired Insulin/IGF Signaling in Experimental Alcohol-Related Myopathy

Nutrients

Van Anh Nguyen²  Tran Le²  Ming Tong²  Elizabeth Silbermann¹  Fusun Gundogan³ 

[1] Department of Neurology, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 593 Eddy Street, Providence, RI 02903, USA;Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 55 Claverick Street, Providence, RI 02903, USA;Department of Pathology, Division of Perinatal Pathology, Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 55 Claverick Street, Providence, RI 02903, USA;

关键词: alcohol;    myopathy;    insulin resistance;    signal transduction;    experimental model;    multiplex ELISA;    Akt pathway;    gene expression;    acetylcholine;    oxidative stress;    mitochondrial dysfunction;   

DOI  :  10.3390/nu4081058

来源: mdpi

【 摘 要 】

Alcohol-related myopathy (Alc-M) is highly prevalent among heavy drinkers, although its pathogenesis is not well understood. We hypothesize that Alc-M is mediated by combined effects of insulin/IGF resistance and oxidative stress, similar to the effects of ethanol on liver and brain. We tested this hypothesis using an established model in which adult rats were pair-fed for 8 weeks with isocaloric diets containing 0% (N = 8) or 35.5% (N = 13) ethanol by caloric content. Gastrocnemius muscles were examined by histology, morphometrics, qRT-PCR analysis, and ELISAs. Chronic ethanol feeding reduced myofiber size and mRNA expression of IGF-1 polypeptide, insulin, IGF-1, and IGF-2 receptors, IRS-1, and IRS-2. Multiplex ELISAs demonstrated ethanol-associated inhibition of insulin, IRS-1, Akt, and p70S6K signaling, and increased activation of GSK-3β. In addition, ethanol-exposed muscles had increased 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal immunoreactivity, reflecting lipid peroxidation, and reduced levels of mitochondrial Complex IV, Complex V, and acetylcholinesterase. These results demonstrate that experimental Alc-M is associated with inhibition of insulin/IGF/IRS and downstream signaling that mediates metabolism and cell survival, similar to findings in alcoholic liver and brain degeneration. Moreover, the increased oxidative stress, which could be mediated by mitochondrial dysfunction, may have led to inhibition of acetylcholinesterase, which itself is sufficient to cause myofiber atrophy and degeneration.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© 2012 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.