Ambient Air Pollution Exposure and Respiratory, Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Mortality in Cape Town, South Africa: 2001–2006

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

Janine Wichmann¹ 

[1] School of Health Systems and Public Health, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Pretoria, P.O. Box 667, Pretoria 0001, South Africa;

关键词: air pollution;    particulate matter;    nitrogen dioxide;    sulfur dioxide;    respiratory;    cardiovascular;    cerebrovascular;    mortality;    case-crossover;    South Africa;   

DOI  :  10.3390/ijerph9113978

来源: mdpi

【 摘 要 】

Little evidence is available on the strength of the association between ambient air pollution exposure and health effects in developing countries such as South Africa. The association between the 24-h average ambient PM₁₀, SO₂ and NO₂ levels and daily respiratory (RD), cardiovascular (CVD) and cerebrovascular (CBD) mortality in Cape Town (2001–2006) was investigated with a case-crossover design. For models that included entire year data, an inter-quartile range (IQR) increase in PM₁₀ (12 mg/m³) and NO₂ (12 mg/m³) significantly increased CBD mortality by 4% and 8%, respectively. A significant increase of 3% in CVD mortality was observed per IQR increase in NO₂ and SO₂ (8 mg/m³). In the warm period, PM₁₀ was significantly associated with RD and CVD mortality. NO₂ had significant associations with CBD, RD and CVD mortality, whilst SO₂ was associated with CVD mortality. None of the pollutants were associated with any of the three outcomes in the cold period. Susceptible groups depended on the cause-specific mortality and air pollutant. There is significant RD, CVD and CBD mortality risk associated with ambient air pollution exposure in South Africa, higher than reported in developed countries.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© 2012 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.