Soluble Receptor for Advanced Glycation End-Product (sRAGE)/Pentosidine Ratio: A Potential Risk Factor Determinant for Type 2 Diabetic Retinopathy

International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Zhi Xiang Ng²  Kek Heng Chua²  Tajunisah Iqbal¹ 

[1] Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; E-Mail:;Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; E-Mails:

关键词: advanced oxidation protein product;    antioxidant enzymes;    diabetic retinopathy;    oxidative stress;    pentosidine;    risk factor;    soluble receptor for advanced glycation end-product;   

DOI  :  10.3390/ijms14047480

来源: mdpi

【 摘 要 】

This study aims to investigate potential diabetic retinopathy (DR) risk factors by evaluating the circulating levels of pentosidine, soluble receptor for advanced glycation end-product (sRAGE), advanced oxidation protein product (AOPP) as well as glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in DR patients. A total of 235 healthy controls, 171 type 2 diabetic without retinopathy (DNR) and 200 diabetic retinopathy (DR) patients were recruited. Plasma was extracted for the estimation of pentosidine, sRAGE, AOPP levels and GPx activity whereas peripheral blood mononuclear cells were disrupted for SOD activity measurement. DNR and DR patients showed significantly higher levels of plasma pentosidine, sRAGE and AOPP but lower GPx and SOD activities when compared to healthy controls. The sRAGE/pentosidine ratio in DR patients was significantly lower than the ratio detected in DNR patients. Proliferative DR patients had significantly higher levels of plasma pentosidine, sRAGE, AOPP and sRAGE/pentosidine ratio than non-proliferative DR patients. High HbA_1c level, long duration of diabetes and low sRAGE/pentosidine ratio were determined as the risk factors for DR. This study suggests that sRAGE/pentosidine ratio could serve as a risk factor determinant for type 2 DR as it has a positive correlation with the severity of DR.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© 2013 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland