The Present and Future of Prostate Cancer Urine Biomarkers

International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Marina Rigau¹  Mireia Olivan¹  Marta Garcia¹  Tamara Sequeiros¹  Melania Montes¹  Eva Colás¹  Marta Llauradó¹  Jacques Planas³  Inés de Torres⁴  Juan Morote³  Colin Cooper²  Jaume Reventós¹  Jeremy Clark² 

[1] Research Unit in Biomedicine and Translational Oncology, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute and Hospital and Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; E-Mails:;Cancer Genetics, University of East Anglia, Norwich Norfolk, NR4 7TJ, UK; E-Mails:;Department of Urology, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital and Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; E-Mails:;Department of Pathology, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; E-Mail:

关键词: prostate cancer;    biomarker;    urine;    non-invasive;   

DOI  :  10.3390/ijms140612620

来源: mdpi

【 摘 要 】

In order to successfully cure patients with prostate cancer (PCa), it is important to detect the disease at an early stage. The existing clinical biomarkers for PCa are not ideal, since they cannot specifically differentiate between those patients who should be treated immediately and those who should avoid over-treatment. Current screening techniques lack specificity, and a decisive diagnosis of PCa is based on prostate biopsy. Although PCa screening is widely utilized nowadays, two thirds of the biopsies performed are still unnecessary. Thus the discovery of non-invasive PCa biomarkers remains urgent. In recent years, the utilization of urine has emerged as an attractive option for the non-invasive detection of PCa. Moreover, a great improvement in high-throughput “omic” techniques has presented considerable opportunities for the identification of new biomarkers. Herein, we will review the most significant urine biomarkers described in recent years, as well as some future prospects in that field.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© 2013 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland