Vitamin D and Cardiovascular Disease

Nutrients

Katharina Kienreich²  Andreas Tomaschitz³  Nicolas Verheyen¹  Thomas Pieber²  Martin Gaksch²  Martin R. Gr࿋ler² 

[1] Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; E-Mail:;Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; E-Mails:;Specialist Clinic Bad Aussee, 8990 Bad Aussee, Austria; E-Mail:

关键词: vitamin D;    25-OH-cholecalciferol;    vitamin D deficiency;    cardiovascular disease;    cardiovascular risk factors;    mortality;   

DOI  :  10.3390/nu5083005

来源: mdpi

【 摘 要 】

Vitamin D deficiency, as well as cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and related risk factors are highly prevalent worldwide and frequently co-occur. Vitamin D has long been known to be an essential part of bone metabolism, although recent evidence suggests that vitamin D plays a key role in the pathophysiology of other diseases, including CVD, as well. In this review, we aim to summarize the most recent data on the involvement of vitamin D deficiency in the development of major cardiovascular risk factors: hypertension, obesity and dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes, chronic kidney disease and endothelial dysfunction. In addition, we outline the most recent observational, as well as interventional data on the influence of vitamin D on CVD. Since it is still an unresolved issue whether vitamin D deficiency is causally involved in the pathogenesis of CVD, data from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) designed to assess the impact of vitamin D supplementation on cardiovascular outcomes are awaited with anticipation. At present, we can only conclude that vitamin D deficiency is an independent cardiovascular risk factor, but whether vitamin D supplementation can significantly improve cardiovascular outcomes is still largely unknown.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© 2013 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.