Diversity and Biosynthetic Potential of Culturable Microbes Associated with Toxic Marine Animals

Marine Drugs

Rocky Chau²  John A. Kalaitzis²  Susanna A. Wood¹ 

[1] Cawthron Institute, Private Bag 2, Nelson, 7001 and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand; E-Mail:;School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; E-Mails:

关键词: tetrodotoxin;    biosynthesis;    microbial diversity;    Pleurobranchaea maculata;    Hapalochlaena sp.;    Nassarius semiplicatus;   

DOI  :  10.3390/md11082695

来源: mdpi

【 摘 要 】

Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a neurotoxin that has been reported from taxonomically diverse organisms across 14 different phyla. The biogenic origin of tetrodotoxin is still disputed, however, TTX biosynthesis by host-associated bacteria has been reported. An investigation into the culturable microbial populations from the TTX-associated blue-ringed octopus Hapalochlaena sp. and sea slug Pleurobranchaea maculata revealed a surprisingly high microbial diversity. Although TTX was not detected among the cultured isolates, PCR screening identifiedsome natural product biosynthesis genes putatively involved in its assembly. This study is the first to report on the microbial diversity of culturable communities from H. maculosa and P. maculata and common natural product biosynthesis genes from their microbiota. We also reassess the production of TTX reported from three bacterial strains isolated from the TTX-containing gastropod Nassarius semiplicatus.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© 2013 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.