Gram-Negative Marine Bacteria: Structural Features of Lipopolysaccharides and Their Relevance for Economically Important Diseases

Marine Drugs

Muhammad Ayaz Anwar¹ 

[1] Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, Korea; E-Mail

关键词: Gram-negative bacteria;    immune system;    lipid A;    lipopolysaccharide;    marine organisms;    TLR4;   

DOI  :  10.3390/md12052485

来源: mdpi

【 摘 要 】

Gram-negative marine bacteria can thrive in harsh oceanic conditions, partly because of the structural diversity of the cell wall and its components, particularly lipopolysaccharide (LPS). LPS is composed of three main parts, an O-antigen, lipid A, and a core region, all of which display immense structural variations among different bacterial species. These components not only provide cell integrity but also elicit an immune response in the host, which ranges from other marine organisms to humans. Toll-like receptor 4 and its homologs are the dedicated receptors that detect LPS and trigger the immune system to respond, often causing a wide variety of inflammatory diseases and even death. This review describes the structural organization of selected LPSes and their association with economically important diseases in marine organisms. In addition, the potential therapeutic use of LPS as an immune adjuvant in different diseases is highlighted.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© 2014 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.