International Journal of Molecular Sciences | |
Current Models of Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 (mTORC1) Activation by Growth Factors and Amino Acids | |
Xu Zheng1  Yan Liang1  Qiburi He1  Ruiyuan Yao1  Wenlei Bao1  Lili Bao1  Yanfeng Wang1  Zhigang Wang1  | |
[1] College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China; E-Mails: | |
关键词: mTORC1; Rheb; Ragulator; Rag GTPases; hVps34; PA; | |
DOI : 10.3390/ijms151120753 | |
来源: mdpi | |
【 摘 要 】
Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), which is now referred to as mechanistic target of rapamycin, integrates many signals, including those from growth factors, energy status, stress, and amino acids, to regulate cell growth and proliferation, protein synthesis, protein degradation, and other physiological and biochemical processes. The mTOR-Rheb-TSC-TBC complex co-localizes to the lysosome and the phosphorylation of TSC-TBC effects the dissociation of the complex from the lysosome and activates Rheb. GTP-bound Rheb potentiates the catalytic activity of mTORC1. Under conditions with growth factors and amino acids, v-ATPase, Ragulator, Rag GTPase, Rheb, hVps34, PLD1, and PA have important but disparate effects on mTORC1 activation. In this review, we introduce five models of mTORC1 activation by growth factors and amino acids to provide a comprehensive theoretical foundation for future research.
【 授权许可】
CC BY
© 2014 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
【 预 览 】
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