Current Models of Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 (mTORC1) Activation by Growth Factors and Amino Acids

International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Xu Zheng¹  Yan Liang¹  Qiburi He¹  Ruiyuan Yao¹  Wenlei Bao¹  Lili Bao¹  Yanfeng Wang¹  Zhigang Wang¹ 

[1] College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China; E-Mails:

关键词: mTORC1;    Rheb;    Ragulator;    Rag GTPases;    hVps34;    PA;   

DOI  :  10.3390/ijms151120753

来源: mdpi

【 摘 要 】

Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), which is now referred to as mechanistic target of rapamycin, integrates many signals, including those from growth factors, energy status, stress, and amino acids, to regulate cell growth and proliferation, protein synthesis, protein degradation, and other physiological and biochemical processes. The mTOR-Rheb-TSC-TBC complex co-localizes to the lysosome and the phosphorylation of TSC-TBC effects the dissociation of the complex from the lysosome and activates Rheb. GTP-bound Rheb potentiates the catalytic activity of mTORC1. Under conditions with growth factors and amino acids, v-ATPase, Ragulator, Rag GTPase, Rheb, hVps34, PLD1, and PA have important but disparate effects on mTORC1 activation. In this review, we introduce five models of mTORC1 activation by growth factors and amino acids to provide a comprehensive theoretical foundation for future research.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© 2014 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.