Seasonal Variations in Health Hazards from Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Bound to Submicrometer Particles at Three Characteristic Sites in the Heavily Polluted Polish Region

Atmosphere

Barbara Kozielska²  Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska¹  Krzysztof Klejnowski¹ 

[1] Institute of Environmental Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 M. Skłodowskiej-Curie St., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland; E-Mails:;Department of Air Protection, Silesian University of Technology, 2 Akademicka St., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland

关键词: PAH;    organic matter;    PM₁;    health hazard;    mutagenicity;    carcinogenicity;    TEF;    municipal emission;   

DOI  :  10.3390/atmos6010001

来源: mdpi

【 摘 要 】

Suspended particles with aerodynamic diameters not greater than 1 μm (PM₁) were sampled at the urban background; regional background; and urban traffic points in southern Poland. In total, 120 samples were collected between 2 August 2009 and 27 December 2010. Sixteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined in each sample. The samples were collected with a high volume sampler (Digitel). Afterwards, they were chemically analyzed with a gas chromatograph equipped with a flame ionization detector (Perkin Elmer Clarus 500). The mean concentration values of the PAH sum (ΣPAH) and particular PAHs; the percentages of carcinogenic PAHs in total PAHs (ΣPAH_carc/ΣPAH); carcinogenic equivalent (CEQ); mutagenic equivalent (MEQ); and TCDD-toxic equivalent (TEQ) were much higher in the winter (heating) season than in the summer (non-heating) one. For both periods, the resulting average values obtained were significantly higher (a few; and sometimes a several dozen times higher) in the researched Polish region than the values observed in other areas of the world. Such results indicate the importance of health hazards resulting from PM₁ and PM₁-bound PAHs in this Polish area.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© 2014 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.