Deep Inorganic Fraction Characterization of PM10, PM2.5, and PM1 in an Industrial Area Located in Central Italy by Means of Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis

Applied Sciences

卷:10

Paolo Ceci¹  Pasquale Avino²  Maurizio Manigrasso³  Geraldo Capannesi⁴  Alberto Rosada⁴  Monica Lammardo⁵  Andrea Petrucci⁶ 

[1] CNR, Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research, Division of Rome, c/o Ministry of Environment, Land and the Sea, via Cristoforo Colombo 44, I-00147 Rome, Italy;

[2] Department of Agriculture, Environment and Food Sciences (DiAAA), University of Molise, via F. De Sanctis, I-86100 Campobasso, Italy;

[3] Department of Technological Innovations, INAIL, via IV Novembre 144, I-00187 Rome, Italy;

[4] ENEA, R.C.-Casaccia, via Anguillarese 301, I-00060 Rome, Italy;

[5] FSN-FISS-RNR, ENEA, R.C.-Casaccia, via Anguillarese 301, I-00060 Rome, Italy;

[6] INMRI, ENEA, R.C.-Casaccia, via Anguillarese 301, I-00060 Rome, Italy;

关键词: inorganic fraction;    incineration plant;    PM fractions;    PM₁;    INAA;    EFs;   

DOI  :  10.3390/app10072532

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Atmospheric pollution is an important task in life sciences and, in particular, inorganic fraction characterization is considered as an important issue in this field. For many years, researchers have focused their attention on the particulate matter fraction below 10 μm: in this case, our attention was also focused on PM_2.5 (i.e., particles with a size fraction smaller than 2.5 μm) and PM₁ (below 1 μm). This paper would like to investigate whether the element accumulation in different granulometric fractions is similar, or whether there are behavior dissimilarities. Among the different analytical techniques, the instrumental neutron activation analysis, an instrumental nuclear method, was used for its peculiarity of investigating the sample without performing any chemical-physical treatment. Forty-two daily samples using the reference method were collected, 15 filters for PM₁₀, 18 for PM_2.5, and 12 for PM₁; the filters, along with primary standards and appropriate standard reference materials, were irradiated at the National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA) R.C.-Casaccia’s Triga MARK II reactor. The irradiations carried out in the Rabbit and Lazy Susan channels allowed for the investigation of 36 elements and the relative Pearson’s correlations between elements and PM-fractions (PM₁₀ vs. PM_2.5 was good, whereas PM₁₀ vs. PM₁ was the worst). The Enrichment Factors were studied for the three fractions to show how anthropogenic sources have affected the element content. A comparison between these data and element levels determined worldwide showed that our concentrations were lower than those determined in similar scenarios. Furthermore, a statistical approach (source discrimination, hierarchical cluster analysis, principal component analysis) has allowed us to identify similarities between the samples: the airborne filters can be divided in two main groups (i.e., one made of PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 filters and one only of PM₁ filters), meaning a different element contribution to this fraction coming from other sources present at the site.

【 授权许可】

Unknown