Toxics | |
Multifactorial Origin of Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Approaches to Understanding Complex Etiologies | |
Alessia De Felice2  Laura Ricceri2  Aldina Venerosi2  Flavia Chiarotti2  Gemma Calamandrei1  | |
[1] Unit of Neurotoxicology and Neuroendocrinology, Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, I-00161 Roma, Italy; | |
关键词: developmental neurotoxicity; autism spectrum disorders; attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; methylmercury; organophosphate pesticides; single nucleotide polymorphisms; maternal stress; exposome; biomarkers; rodents; | |
DOI : 10.3390/toxics3010089 | |
来源: mdpi | |
【 摘 要 】
A significant body of evidence supports the multifactorial etiology of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) affecting children. The present review focuses on early exposure to environmental chemicals as a risk factor for neurodevelopment, and presents the major lines of evidence derived from epidemiological studies, underlying key uncertainties and research needs in this field. We introduce the exposome concept that, encompassing the totality of human environmental exposures to multiple risk factors, aims at explaining individual vulnerability and resilience to early chemical exposure. In this framework, we synthetically review the role of variable gene backgrounds, the involvement of epigenetic mechanisms as well as the function played by potential effect modifiers such as socioeconomic status. We describe laboratory rodent studies where the neurodevelopmental effects of environmental chemicals are assessed in the presence of either a “vulnerable” gene background or adverse pregnancy conditions (
【 授权许可】
CC BY
© 2015 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
【 预 览 】
Files | Size | Format | View |
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RO202003190014695ZK.pdf | 640KB | download |