Journal of Marine Science and Engineering | |
Climate Change, Coastal Vulnerability and the Need for Adaptation Alternatives: Planning and Design Examples from Egypt and the USA | |
S Jeffress Williams2  Nabil Ismail1  | |
[1] Coastal Engineering, Maritime Academy, Alexandria, Egypt and Director of Costamarine Technologies, Davis, CA 95616, USA; E-Mail:;U.S. Geological Survey, Woods Hole, Massachusetts and University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA | |
关键词: climate change; sea-level rise; Egypt; New York City; New Orleans; Louisiana; coastal vulnerability; deltas; coastal protection; coastal management; adaptation; | |
DOI : 10.3390/jmse3030591 | |
来源: mdpi | |
【 摘 要 】
Planning and design of coastal protection for high-risk events with low to moderate or uncertain probabilities are a challenging balance of short- and long-term cost
【 授权许可】
CC BY
© 2015 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
【 预 览 】
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RO202003190009428ZK.pdf | 5235KB | download |