Multi-Sensor Approach for the Monitoring of Halitosis Treatment via Lactobacillus brevis (CD2)—Containing Lozenges—A Randomized, Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial

Sensors

Enrico Marchetti²  Simona Tecco³  Marco Santonico¹  Chiara Vernile¹  Daniele Ciciarelli²  Ester Tarantino²  Giuseppe Marzo²  Giorgio Pennazza¹ 

[1] Center for Integrated Research—CIR, Unit of Electronics for Sensor Systems, “Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma”, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy; E-Mails:;Department MESVA, University of L’Aquila, Via Vetoio ed. Delta 6, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; E-Mails:;University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, I.R.R.C.S. San Raffaele Hospital, 20100 Milano, Italy; E-Mail:

关键词: halitosis;    bad breath;    electronic nose;    chemical sensors;    sensor array;    probiotics;   

DOI  :  10.3390/s150819583

来源: mdpi

【 摘 要 】

The aim of this randomized clinical trial was to evaluate whether a recently described multi-sensor approach called BIONOTE^® is accurate enough to verify the efficacy of treatment of patients with halitosis. A treatment with Lactobacillus brevis (CD2)–containing lozenges, compared with placebo was tested. The BIONOTE^® was compared with traditional techniques used to detect halitosis: OralChroma™ and two calibrated odor judges enrolled for the organoleptic assessments. Twenty patients (10 treated and 10 placebo), suffering from active phase halitosis were included in the study. Treatment consisted of Lactobacillus brevis (CD2)—containing lozenges or placebo, 4 tablets/day for 14 days. t₀ was before the beginning of the study; t₁ was day 7 and t₂ was day 14. The effectiveness of treatment was assessed through: (1) Rosenberg score; (2) Winkel tongue coating index (WTCI) anterior and posterior; (2) OralChroma™; (3) the new developed multi-sensor approach, called BIONOTE^® (test technique). Only the WTCI anterior revealed statistically significant changes between t₀ and t₂ data (p = 0.014) in the treated group. Except for the WTCI anterior, all diagnostic methods revealed the lack of effectiveness for halitosis of a 14-days treatment with Lactobacillus brevis (CD2)–containing lozenges. The BIONOTE^® multisensor system seems accurate in addition to OralChroma™ to assess the initial condition of halitosis and its mitigation during treatment.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© 2015 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.