Exosomes: Potential in Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy

Medicines

Phillip Munson²  Arti Shukla¹  Daniel M.-Y. Sze² 

[1] Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, College of Medicine, Burlington, VT 05405, USA; E-Mail

关键词: exosomes;    cancer;    therapy;    biomarkers;    tumor microenvironment;    pre-metastatic niche;   

DOI  :  10.3390/medicines2040310

来源: mdpi

【 摘 要 】

Exosomes are membrane-bound, intercellular communication shuttles that are defined by their endocytic origin and size range of 30–140 nm. Secreted by nearly all mammalian cell types and present in myriad bodily fluids, exosomes confer messages between cells, proximal and distal, by transporting biofunctional cargo in the form of proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids. They play a vital role in cellular signaling in both normal physiology and disease states, particularly cancer. Exosomes are powerful progenitors in altering target cell phenotypes, particularly in tumorigenesis and cancer progression, with the ability to alter tumor microenvironments and to assist in establishing the pre-metastatic niche. Many aspects of exosomes present them as novel means to identify cancer biomarkers for early detection and therapeutic targets, and using intrinsic and engineered characteristics of exosomes as therapeutic devices to ameliorate the progression of the disease. This review outlines some of the recent and major findings with regard to exosomes in cancer, and their utilization as therapeutic tools.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© 2015 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.