Nodularia spumigena Peptides—Accumulation and Effect on Aquatic Invertebrates

Toxins

Hanna Mazur-Marzec²  Katarzyna Sutryk¹  Agnieszka Hebel²  Natalia Hohlfeld²  Anna Pietrasik²  Agata Błaszczyk²  Vítor Vasconcelos² 

[1] Department of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdańsk, Al. Marszałka Piłsudskiego 46, 81-378 Gdynia, Poland;

关键词: bioaccumulation;    blue mussels;    Baltic cyanobacteria;    cyanopeptides;    crustaceans;    Nodularia spumigena;   

DOI  :  10.3390/toxins7114404

来源: mdpi

【 摘 要 】

Thus far, the negative effects of Nodularia spumigena blooms on aquatic organisms have been mainly attributed to the production of the hepatotoxic nodularin (NOD). In the current work, the accumulation of other N. spumigena metabolites in blue mussels and crustaceans, and their effect on Thamnocephalus platyurus and Artemia franciscana, were examined. The liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analyses provided evidence that both blue mussels collected after a cyanobacterial bloom in the Baltic Sea and the crustaceans exposed under laboratory conditions to N. spumigena extract accumulated the cyclic anabaenopeptins (APs). In the crustaceans, the linear peptides, spumigins (SPUs) and aeruginosins (AERs), were additionally detected. Exposure of T. platyurus and A. franciscana to N. spumigena extract confirmed the negative effect of nodularin on the organisms. However, high numbers of dead crustaceans were also recorded in the nodularin-free fraction, which contained protease inhibitors classified to spumigins and aeruginosins. These findings indicate that cyanobacterial toxicity to aquatic organisms is a complex phenomenon and the induced effects can be attributed to diverse metabolites, not only to the known hepatotoxins.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© 2015 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.