Dendritic Cells in Oncolytic Virus-Based Anti-Cancer Therapy

Viruses

Youra Kim¹  Derek R. Clements¹  Andra M. Sterea⁴  Hyun Woo Jang²  Shashi A. Gujar²  Patrick W. K. Lee¹  E. Antonio Chiocca³ 

[1] Departments of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 1X5, Canada;Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 1X5, Canada;;Departments of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 1X5, CanadaDepartment of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 1X5, Canada;

关键词: dendritic cells;    tumor microenvironment;    oncolytic virus;    anti-viral immunity;    anti-tumor immunity;    immunotherapy;   

DOI  :  10.3390/v7122953

来源: mdpi

【 摘 要 】

Dendritic cells (DCs) are specialized antigen-presenting cells that have a notable role in the initiation and regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses. In the context of cancer, appropriately activated DCs can induce anti-tumor immunity by activating innate immune cells and tumor-specific lymphocytes that target cancer cells. However, the tumor microenvironment (TME) imposes different mechanisms that facilitate the impairment of DC functions, such as inefficient antigen presentation or polarization into immunosuppressive DCs. These tumor-associated DCs thus fail to initiate tumor-specific immunity, and indirectly support tumor progression. Hence, there is increasing interest in identifying interventions that can overturn DC impairment within the TME. Many reports thus far have studied oncolytic viruses (OVs), viruses that preferentially target and kill cancer cells, for their capacity to enhance DC-mediated anti-tumor effects. Herein, we describe the general characteristics of DCs, focusing on their role in innate and adaptive immunity in the context of the TME. We also examine how DC-OV interaction affects DC recruitment, OV delivery, and anti-tumor immunity activation. Understanding these roles of DCs in the TME and OV infection is critical in devising strategies to further harness the anti-tumor effects of both DCs and OVs, ultimately enhancing the efficacy of OV-based oncotherapy.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© 2015 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.