International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health | |
The Impact of Educational Attainment on Observed Race/Ethnic Disparities in Inflammatory Risk in the 2001–2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey | |
Gniesha Y. Dinwiddie1  Ruth E. Zambrana4  Lauren A. Doamekpor2  Lenny Lopez3  Mark Edberg5  Barbara E. Hayes5  Valerie Montgomery Rice5  | |
[1] African American Studies Department, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USANational Center for Health Research, Washington, DC 20036, USA;Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA;Women’s Studies Department, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA;;id="af1-ijerph-13-00042">African American Studies Department, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, U | |
关键词: C-reactive protein; education; inflammation burden; race/ethnicity; | |
DOI : 10.3390/ijerph13010042 | |
来源: mdpi | |
【 摘 要 】
Inflammation has shown to be an independent predictor of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and growing evidence suggests Non-Hispanic Blacks (NHBs) and certain Hispanic subgroups have higher inflammation burden compared to Non-Hispanic Whites (NHWs). Socioeconomic status (SES) is a hypothesized pathway that may account for the higher inflammation burden for race/ethnic groups yet little is known about the biological processes by which SES “gets under the skin” to affect health and whether income and education have similar or distinct influences on elevated inflammation levels. The current study examines SES (income and education) associations with multiple levels of C-Reactive Protein (CRP), an important biomarker of inflammation, in a sample of 13,362 NHWs, 7696 NHBs and 4545 Mexican Americans (MAs) in the United States from the 2001 to 2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. After adjusting for age, sex, and statin use, NHBs and MAs had higher intermediate and high CRP levels compared to NHWs. Income lessened the magnitude of the association for both race/ethnic groups. The greater intermediate and high CRP burden for NHBs and MAs was strongly explained by educational attainment. MAs were more vulnerable to high CRP levels for the lowest (
【 授权许可】
CC BY
© 2015 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
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