Temporal and spatial variations in organic and elemental carbon concentrations in PM10/PM2.5 in the metropolitan area of Costa Rica, Central America

Developmental Biology

Jorge Herrera Murillo³  Darrel Gibson Baumgardner²  Jose Felix Rojas Marin³  Beatriz Cardenas Gonzalez⁴  David Solorzano Arias³  Arturo Campos Ramos⁴  Victor Hugo Beita Guerrero³  Susana Rodriguez Roman¹ 

[1] Escuela de Química, Universidad de Costa Rica, Ciudad Universitaria Rodrigo Facio, Costa Rica$$;Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Distrito Federal, México$$;Laboratorio de Análisis Ambiental, Escuela Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica$$;Dirección General del Centro Nacional de Investigación y Capacitación Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Ecología, Distrito Federal, México$$

关键词: Organic carbon;    elemental carbon;    aerosol particles;    Costa Rica;    source apportionment;   

DOI  :  10.5094/APR.2013.006

学科分类：农业科学（综合）

来源: Dokuz Eylul Universitesi * Department of Environmental Engineering

【 摘 要 】

PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ samples were collected at 4 and 14 sampling sites, respectively, located in the Metropolitan area of Costa Rica (MACR), during 2010–2011. These sites were representative of commercial, industrial and residential zones of this region. Concentrations of elemental carbon (EC) and organic carbon (OC) were analyzed using the IMPROVE thermal-optical reflectance (TOR) method. OC and EC concentrations were higher in commercial and industrial sites and showed clear seasonal variations with higher concentrations observed in the rainy season (May–November) than in the dry season (December–April), due to wind patterns in the study area. Total carbonaceous aerosol accounted for 35% of PM₁₀ and 56% of PM_2.5 mass. Good correlation between OC and EC in PM₁₀ (R=0.89–0.75) and PM_2.5 (R=0.79– 0.64) indicated that they had common dominant sources of combustion such as industrial activities and traffic emissions. The annual average concentrations of estimated SOC (Secondary Organic Carbon) in the MACR PM₁₀ samples showed values between 0.65–8.49 μg/m³, accounting for 48% and 56% of the OC in PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 respectively. Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) identified five principal sources for OC and EC in particles: gasoline vehicles, diesel vehicles, on road traffic, wood smoke and industrial combustion. The contribution of each of the source varied between the PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 size fractions.

【 授权许可】

Unknown   

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