Validation study of the Tanaka and Kawasaki equations to estimate the daily sodium excretion by a spot urine sample

Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia

Baldo, Marcelo Perim²  Szwarcwald, Celia Landmann³  Mill, José Geraldo²  Rodrigues, Sérgio Lamêgo²  Malta, Deborah Carvalho¹ 

[1] Ministério da Saúde, Brasília, Brazil;Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil;Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

关键词: Sodium Chloride;    Sodium;    Urine;    Sodium Chloride;    Dietary.;   

DOI  :  10.1590/1980-5497201500060020

学科分类：过敏症与临床免疫学

来源: SciELO

【 摘 要 】

:Objective: To validate Tanaka and Kawasaki's formulas to calculate the salt intake by the sodium/creatinine ratio in spot of urine.Methods: Two hundred and seventy two adults (20 - 69 years old; 52.6% women) with 24 h urine collection and two urinary spots collected on the same day (while fasting - spot 1 - or not fasting - spot 2). Anthropometry, blood pressure and fasting blood were measured on the same day. The analysis of agreement between salt consumption measured in the 24 h urine test and urinary spots were determined by the Pearson's correlation (r) and the Bland & Altman method.Results: The mean salt consumption measured by the 24 h sodium excretion was 10.4 ± 5.3 g/day. The correlation between the measured 24 h sodium excretion and the estimation based on spots 1 and 2, respectively, was only moderated according to Tanaka (r = 0.51 and r = 0.55; p < 0.001) and to Kawasaki (r = 0.52 and r = 0.54; p < 0.001). We observed an increasing underestimation of salt consumption by Tanaka to increasing salt consumption and conversely, an overestimation of consumption by the Kawasaki formula. The estimation of salt consumption (difference between measured and calculated salt consumption lower than 1 g/day) was adequate only when the consumption was between 9 - 12 g/day (Tanaka) and 12 - 18 g/day (Kawasaki).Conclusion: Spot urine sampling is adequate to estimate salt consumption only among individuals with an actual consumption near the population mean.

【 授权许可】

Unknown