Association between education about organ transplantation aimed at medical students and the acquisition of the organ donor card. A cross-sectional study

Revista de la Facultad de Medicina

Lozano-Márquez, Eyner¹  Escobar-Serna, Diana Paola¹  Figueroa-Bohórquez, David Mauricio¹  Alzate, Juan Pablo¹  Pérez, Héctor Camilo¹  Benavides-López, Xiomara¹ 

[1] Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia

关键词: Transplantation;    Homologous;    Direct Tissue Donation;    Education;    Medical;    Undergraduate;    Universities;    Family (MeSH).;   

DOI  :  10.15446/revfacmed.v62n4.45544

学科分类：医学（综合）

来源: Universidad Nacional de Colombia * Facultad de Medicina

【 摘 要 】

Antecedentes. El grupo de trasplantes de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia considera que la educación en esta área es importante para mejorar la tasa de donación en el país.Objetivo. Encontrar una asociación entre la educación en trasplante dirigida a estudiantes de pregrado y el número de estudiantes y sus familias que portan el carné de donante de órganos. Materiales y métodos. Estudio de corte transversal analítico. Se realizaron dos encuestas dirigidas a dos grupos estudiantiles. El primer grupo cursó la asignatura “Trasplante de órganos y tejidos humanos” y el segundo grupo se encuentra cursando quinto semestre. La prueba estadística usada fue diferencia de proporciones, tamaño de muestra 50 personas, poder del 80%, diferencia de proporciones 20%, alfa 0,05, valor de p <0,05.Resultados. Encuestas evaluadas: 29 del primer grupo y 74 del segundo grupo. En la pregunta: “¿Porta el carné de donante de órganos?”, se encontró un valor de p de 0,03. En la pregunta: “¿Portan sus familiares el carné de donante de órganos?”, se halló un valor de p de 0,732. Respuesta afirmativa a primera pregunta p=0,10 y respuesta afirmativa a segunda pregunta p=0,0005.Conclusión. Existe una asociación entre educar en trasplantes a estudiantes de medicina en pregrado, el porte del carné de donante de órganos y la comunicación de su deseo de ser donante a su familia. Así mismo, se encontró una asociación entre la educación y una actitud positiva hacia la donación en las familias de los estudiantes que cursaron la asignatura de “Trasplante de órganos y tejidos humanos”.Palabras clave: Trasplante Homólogo; Donación Directa de Tejido; Educación de Pregrado en Medicina; Universidades; Familia (DeCS). Benavides-López X, Figueroa-Bohórquez DM, Pérez HC, Escobar-Serna DP, Alzate JP, Lozano-Márquez E. Asociación entre la educación en trasplantes de órganos dirigida a estudiantes de medicina y la adquisición del carné de donantes de órganos. Estudio de corte transversal. Rev. Fac. Med. 2014;62(4):571-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/revfacmed.v62n4.45544.Introduction The transplantation of organs and tissues is one of the most altruistic acts that one human can do for another. It means giving a part of oneself, or of deceased family members, to another person so that they may have a better quality of life. In Colombia, the law permits donation from a live donor or from a cadaveric donor with brain death (1). This last category contributes the majority of transplants (2). However, for such an event to occur, there must be consent from the deceased person’s family, since, in Colombia, this consent has priority over the fact that the deceased person carried a donor card (3). This can be an obstacle for the organ donation process since often families are not aware of the wishes of their loved ones.In the year 2013 in Colombia “961 organ transplants were performed, which represents a decrease of 13.3% with respect to the same period in the previous year (2012) where 1108 transplants took place” (2). This event may be related to the reduction in the number of violent deaths and deaths due to traffic accidents that was apparent in the country in 2013 (4), the increase in the number of patients with contraindications against donation, the decrease in the number of donor cards acquired, the increase in negative responses from family members (2), and the absence of a sufficient number operation coordination doctors (5). As a consequence of the reduction in donation rates, establishments like the National Health Institute (2) have proposed holding awareness and training days for health personnel, medical students, and the public in general through conferences, social networks, and radio and television programs (2,6) with the goal of generating an increase in the donation rate to benefit the 1 664 people that are on the transplant waiting list (2). One way of encouraging a good attitude toward donation and transplantation in Colombia, according to the Organ and Tissue Transplantation Research Group of the Faculty of Medicine at the Universidad Nacional de Colombia, is through targeted education at the undergraduate level. This led to the creation of the elective course “Human Organ and Tissue Transplantation” that aims to focus on teaching basic concepts of transplantation and offering students a space for pursuing research in this area and related pathologies. Also, it is based on an interest in forming well-rounded students who are conscious of the reality of transplantation in their country, capable of promoting transplantation, and of contributing to the improvement of the donation rates.This article has the objective of finding a statistically significant association between education on transplantation and carrying a card that acredits them as a donor, both among medical students and among their family members. To do this, the difference between proportions for students and their family members -that are donor card carriers- it was established by comparing two population groups: those who had taken the elective course, and a group of fifth semester students that had not taken the course yet. Also, this study intended to find if there is a change in attitude toward organ donation in the students and their family members thanks to this course. Materials and me

【 授权许可】

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