Facial Nerve Trauma: Evaluation and Considerations in Management

Craniomaxillofacial Trauma and Reconstruction

Yadranko Ducic²  Eli Gordin³  Thomas S. Lee¹  Demetri Arnaoutakis² 

[1] Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia;Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas;Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York

关键词: facial nerve injury;    intratemporal facial nerve trauma;    facial paralysis rehabilitation;    temporalis tendon transposition;    facial sling;    facial reanimation;    hypoglossal-facial nerve transfer;    free tissue transfer;   

DOI  :  10.1055/s-0034-1372522

学科分类：口腔科学

来源: Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc.

【 摘 要 】

The management of facial paralysis continues to evolve. Understanding the facial nerve anatomy and the different methods of evaluating the degree of facial nerve injury are crucial for successful management. When the facial nerve is transected, direct coaptation leads to the best outcome, followed by interpositional nerve grafting. In cases where motor end plates are still intact but a primary repair or graft is not feasible, a nerve transfer should be employed. When complete muscle atrophy has occurred, regional muscle transfer or free flap reconstruction is an option. When dynamic reanimation cannot be undertaken, static procedures offer some benefit. Adjunctive tools such as botulinum toxin injection and biofeedback can be helpful. Several new treatment modalities lie on the horizon which hold potential to alter the current treatment algorithm.

【 授权许可】

Unknown