DNA methylation, ageing and the influence of early life nutrition

Proceedings of the Nutrition Society

Leonie Grenfell¹  Samuel P. Hoile¹  Karen A. Lillycrop¹  Graham C. Burdge¹ 

关键词: Epigenetics;    DNA methylation;    Ageing;    Developmental origins of adult disease;    Nutrition;   

DOI  :  10.1017/S0029665114000081

学科分类：卫生学

来源: Cambridge University Press

【 摘 要 】

It is well established that genotype plays an important role in the ageing process. However, recent studies have suggested that epigenetic mechanisms may also influence the onset of ageing-associated diseases and longevity. Epigenetics is defined as processes that induce heritable changes in gene expression without a change in the DNA nucleotide sequence. The major epigenetic mechanisms are DNA methylation, histone modification and non-coding RNA. Such processes are involved in the regulation of tissue-specific gene expression, cell differentiation and genomic imprinting. However, epigenetic dysregulation is frequently seen with ageing. Relatively little is known about the factors that initiate such changes. However, there is emerging evidence that the early life environment, in particular nutrition, in early life can induce long-term changes in DNA methylation resulting in an altered susceptibility to a range of ageing-associated diseases. In this review, we will focus on the changes in DNA methylation that occur during ageing; their role in the ageing process and how early life nutrition can modulate DNA methylation and influence longevity. Understanding the mechanisms by which diet in early life can influence the epigenome will be crucial for the development of preventative and intervention strategies to increase well-being in later life.

【 授权许可】

Unknown