Non-dietary factors associated with n-3 long-chain PUFA levels in humans – a systematic literature review

The British Journal of Nutrition

Rebecca Emmett^3¹  Barbara J. Meyer^3²  Renate H. M. de Groot^1^2³ 

[1] Department of Complex Genetics,School for Nutrition,Toxicology and Metabolism,Maastricht University,6200 MD Maastricht,The Netherlands^2;School of Medicine,Lipid Research Centre,Molecular Horizons,Illawarra Health And Medical Research Institute,University of Wollongong,Wollongong,,NSW 2522,Australia^3;Welten Institute – Research Centre for Learning,Teaching,and Technology,Open University of the Netherlands,6419 AT Heerlen,The Netherlands,^1

关键词: Fatty acid status;    Effects;    Determinants;    Healthy adults;    Review studies;    Measurement;    Implications;   

DOI  :  10.1017/S0007114519000138

学科分类：卫生学

来源: Cambridge University Press

【 摘 要 】

Numerous health benefits are attributed to the n -3 long-chain PUFA ( n -3 LCPUFA); EPA and DHA. A systematic literature review was conducted to investigate factors, other than diet, that are associated with the n -3 LCPUFA levels. The inclusion criteria were papers written in English, carried out in adult non-pregnant humans, n -3 LCPUFA measured in blood or tissue, data from cross-sectional studies, or baseline data from intervention studies. The search revealed 5076 unique articles of which seventy were included in the qualitative synthesis. Three main groups of factors potentially associated with n -3 LCPUFA levels were identified: (1) unmodifiable factors (sex, genetics, age), (2) modifiable factors (body size, physical activity, alcohol, smoking) and (3) bioavailability factors (chemically bound form of supplements, krill oil v. fish oil, and conversion of plant-derived α -linolenic acid (ALA) to n -3 LCPUFA). Results showed that factors positively associated with n -3 LCPUFA levels were age, female sex (women younger than 50 years), wine consumption and the TAG form. Factors negatively associated with n -3 LCPUFA levels were genetics, BMI (if erythrocyte EPA and DHA levels are 5·6 %) and smoking. The evidence for girth, physical activity and krill oil v . fish oil associated with n -3 LCPUFA levels is inconclusive. There is also evidence that higher ALA consumption leads to increased levels of EPA but not DHA. In conclusion, sex, age, BMI, alcohol consumption, smoking and the form of n -3 LCPUFA are all factors that need to be taken into account in n -3 LCPUFA research.

【 授权许可】

CC BY