PM$_{2.5}$, PM$_{10}$ and surface ozone over Lumbini Protected Zone, Nepal, during monsoon season of 2012

Journal of earth system science

Kaushar Ali^1¹ 

[1] Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, NCL Post Office, Pune 411 008, India.^1

关键词: Lumbini;    global heritage;    air quality assessment;    particulate matter;    surface ozone;   

DOI  :  

学科分类：天文学(综合)

来源: Indian Academy of Sciences

【 摘 要 】

Physical characterisation of PM$_{2.5}$, PM$_{10}$ and surface ozone measured during the period from 17 July to 21 August 2012 at four strategic locations in and around the Lumbini Protected Zone, Nepal, is done to assess air quality of the region and understand qualitatively source mechanisms of these pollutants. The measurement locations are Panditarama Lumbini International Vipassana Meditation Centre, Parsahawa, Bhairahawa and Tilaurakot, representing monastic, industrial, urban and control areas, respectively. The overall average concentration of PM$_{2.5}$ at these locations is $\sim$19 $\pm$ 12, 35 $\pm$ 13, 35 $\pm$ 11 and 25 $\pm$ 6 $\mu$g/m$^{3}$ and of PM$_{10}$ is $\sim$25 $\pm$ 11, 103 $\pm$ 41, 58 $\pm$ 15 and 32 $\pm$ 7 $\mu$g/m$^{3}$, respectively. PM$_{2.5}$ never crosses the safe limit of the National Ambient Air Quality Standards of Nepal (NNAAQS) in the monastic and control areas but either crosses the NNAAQS occasionally or remains in its vicinity at the other two locations. The PM$_{10}$ concentration frequently exceeds the safe limit in the industrial area but not in the other remaining areas. The analysis indicates the dominance of the impact of local sources and boundary layer thickness on the atmospheric loadings of the particulate matter. The daily average mixing ratio of surface ozone remains normally low at all the four observational sites although the mixing ratio of ozone at Panditarama Lumbini International Vipassana Meditation Centre is much lower than the NNAAQS but higher than that observed at Tilaurakot.

【 授权许可】

CC BY