Prevalence and clinical associations of wheezes and crackles in the general population: the Tromsø study

BMC Pulmonary Medicine

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[1] 0000 0001 0481 6099, grid.5012.6, Department of methodology and statistics, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands;0000 0001 1503 7226, grid.5808.5, CINTESIS - Center for Health Technology and Services Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal;0000 0004 1936 9609, grid.21613.37, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada;0000000122595234, grid.10919.30, General Practice Research Unit, Department of Community Medicine, UIT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway;

关键词: Wheezes;    Crackles;    Auscultation;    Population;   

DOI  :  10.1186/s12890-019-0928-1

来源: publisher

【 摘 要 】

BackgroundWheezes and crackles are well-known signs of lung diseases, but can also be heard in apparently healthy adults. However, their prevalence in a general population has been sparsely described. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of wheezes and crackles in a large general adult population and explore associations with self-reported disease, smoking status and lung function.MethodsWe recorded lung sounds in 4033 individuals 40 years or older and collected information on self-reported disease. Pulse oximetry and spirometry were carried out. We estimated age-standardized prevalence of wheezes and crackles and associations between wheezes and crackles and variables of interest were analyzed with univariable and multivariable logistic regressions.ResultsTwenty-eight percent of individuals had wheezes or crackles. The age-standardized prevalence of wheezes was 18.6% in women and 15.3% in men, and of crackles, 10.8 and 9.4%, respectively. Wheezes were mostly found during expiration and crackles during inspiration. Significant predictors of expiratory wheezes in multivariable analyses were age (10 years increase - OR 1.18, 95%CI 1.09–1.30), female gender (1.45, 1.2–1.8), self-reported asthma (1.36, 1.00–1.83), and current smoking (1.70, 1.28–2.23). The most important predictors of inspiratory crackles were age (1.76, 1.57–1.99), current smoking, (1.94, 1.40–2.69), mMRC ≥2 (1.79, 1.18–2.65), SpO2 (0.88, 0.81–0.96), and FEV1 Z-score (0.86, 0.77–0.95).ConclusionsNearly over a quarter of adults present adventitious lung sounds on auscultation. Age was the most important predictor of adventitious sounds, particularly crackles. The adventitious sounds were also associated with self-reported disease, current smoking and measures of lung function. The presence of findings in two or more auscultation sites was associated with a higher risk of decreased lung function than solitary findings.

【 授权许可】

CC BY