Statin Use and Risk of Prostate Cancer: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

PLoS One

Sanjay D'Cruz¹  Krishna Undela²  Dipika Bansal²  Fabrizio Schifano³ 

[1] Department of General Medicine, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India;Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S. A. S. Nagar (Mohali), Punjab, India;School of Pharmacy, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, Herts, United Kingdom

关键词: Statins;    Prostate cancer;    Meta-analysis;    Case-control studies;    Cohort studies;    Publication ethics;    Cholesterol;    Observational studies;   

DOI  :  10.1371/journal.pone.0046691

学科分类：医学（综合）

来源: Public Library of Science

【 摘 要 】

Background Emerging evidence suggests that statins may decrease the risk of cancers. However, available evidence on prostate cancer (PCa) is conflicting. We therefore examined the association between statin use and risk of PCa by conducting a detailed meta-analysis of all observational studies published regarding this subject. Methods Literature search in PubMed database was undertaken through February 2012 looking for observational studies evaluating the association between statin use and risk of PCa. Before meta-analysis, the studies were evaluated for publication bias and heterogeneity. Pooled relative risk (RR) estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using random-effects model (DerSimonian and Laird method). Subgroup analyses, sensitivity analysis and cumulative meta-analysis were also performed. Results A total of 27 (15 cohort and 12 case-control) studies contributed to the analysis. There was heterogeneity among the studies but no publication bias. Statin use significantly reduced the risk of both total PCa by 7% (RR 0.93, 95% CI 0.87–0.99, p = 0.03) and clinically important advanced PCa by 20% (RR 0.80, 95% CI 0.70–0.90, p<0.001). Long-term statin use did not significantly affect the risk of total PCa (RR 0.94, 95% CI 0.84–1.05, p = 0.31). Stratification by study design did not substantially influence the RR. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis confirmed the stability of results. Cumulative meta-analysis showed a change in trend of reporting risk from positive to negative in statin users between 1993 and 2011. Conclusions Our meta-analysis provides evidence supporting the hypothesis that statins reduce the risk of both total PCa and clinically important advanced PCa. Further research is needed to confirm these findings and to identify the underlying biological mechanisms.

【 授权许可】

CC BY