Macrophage polarization and HIV‐1 infection

Journal of Leukocyte Biology: An Official Publication of the Reticuloendothelial Society

关键词: cytokines;    chemokines;    HIV‐;    1;    DC‐;    SIGN;    tuberculosis;   

DOI  :  10.1189/jlb.1009673

学科分类：生理学

来源: Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology

【 摘 要 】

PolarizationofMPintoclassicallyactivated(M1)andalternativelyactivated(M2a,M2b,andM2c)macrophagesiscriticalinmediatinganeffectiveimmuneresponseagainstinvadingpathogens.However,severalpathogensusetheseactivationpathwaystofacilitatedisseminationandpathogenesis.VirusesgenerallyinduceanM1‐likephenotypeduringtheacutephaseofinfection.InadditiontopromotingthedevelopmentofTh1responsesandIFNproduction,M1macrophagesoftenproducecytokinesthatdriveviralreplicationandtissuedamage.AsshownforHIV‐1,polarizationcanalsoaltermacrophagesusceptibilitytoinfection.InvitropolarizationintoM1cellspreventsHIV‐1infection,andM2apolarizationinhibitsviralreplicationatapost‐integrationlevel.M2acellsalsoexpresshighlevelsofC‐typelectinsthatcanfacilitatemacrophage‐mediatedtransmissionofHIV‐1toCD4+Tcells.MacrophagesareparticularlyabundantinmucosalmembranesandunlikeDCs,donotusuallymigratetodistaltissues.Asaresult,macrophagesarelikelytocontributetoHIV‐1pathogenesisinmucosalratherthanlymphatictissues.InvivopolarizationofMPislikelytospanaspectrumofactivationphenotypesthatmaychangethepermissivitytoandaltertheoutcomeofHIV‐1andotherviralinfections...

【 授权许可】

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