Glossina palpalis palpalis populations from Equatorial Guinea belong to distinct allopatric clades

Particle and Fibre Toxicology

Jean-Mathieu Bart²  Agustin Benito³  Joao Pinto⁴  Miguel Navarro²  Pedro Ndongo-Asumu⁵  Policarpo Ricardo Ncogo-Ada⁵  Nicolas Ndong-Mabale⁵  Paloma Nebreda³  Jenny Knapp¹  Jorge Cano⁶  Carlos Cordon-Obras² 

[1] Laboratoire de Parasitologie, UMR/CNRS Chrono-environnement 6249, 19 rue Ambroise Paré, Besançon Cedex 25030, France;Instituto de Parasitologia y Biomedicina Lopez Neyra, CSIC, Avenida del Conocimiento, SN, Armilla, Granada 18100, Spain;Centro Nacional de Medicina Tropical, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Sinesio Delgado, 4, pabellón 13, Madrid 28029, Spain;Centro de Malária e outras Doenças Tropicais, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Rua da Junqueira 96, Lisbon 1349-008, Portugal;Centro de Referencia para el Control de Endemias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Malabo, Equatorial Guinea;London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel St, London WC1E 7HT, UK

关键词: Bioko;    Phylogeny;    Trypanosomiasis;    Tsetse;    Equatorial Guinea;    Luba;    Glossina palpalis palpalis;   

Others  :  822991
DOI  :  10.1186/1756-3305-7-31

 received in 2013-11-18, accepted in 2014-01-14,  发布年份 2014

【 摘 要 】

Background

Luba is one of the four historical foci of Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) on Bioko Island, in Equatorial Guinea. Although no human cases have been detected since 1995, T. b. gambiense was recently observed in the vector Glossina palpalis palpalis. The existence of cryptic species within this vector taxon has been previously suggested, although no data are available regarding the evolutionary history of tsetse flies populations in Bioko.

Methods

A phylogenetic analysis of 60 G. p. palpalis from Luba was performed sequencing three mitochondrial (COI, ND2 and 16S) and one nuclear (rDNA-ITS1) DNA markers. Phylogeny reconstruction was performed by Distance Based, Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Inference methods.

Results

The COI and ND2 mitochondrial genes were concatenated and revealed 10 closely related haplotypes with a dominant one found in 61.1% of the flies. The sequence homology of the other 9 haplotypes compared to the former ranged from 99.6 to 99.9%. Phylogenetic analysis clearly clustered all island samples with flies coming from the Western African Clade (WAC), and separated from the flies belonging to the Central Africa Clade (CAC), including samples from Mbini and Kogo, two foci of mainland Equatorial Guinea. Consistent with mitochondrial data, analysis of the microsatellite motif present in the ITS1 sequence exhibited two closely related genotypes, clearly divergent from the genotypes previously identified in Mbini and Kogo.

Conclusions

We report herein that tsetse flies populations circulating in Equatorial Guinea are composed of two allopatric subspecies, one insular and the other continental. The presence of these two G. p. palpalis cryptic taxa in Equatorial Guinea should be taken into account to accurately manage vector control strategy, in a country where trypanosomiasis transmission is controlled but not definitively eliminated yet.

【 授权许可】

   
2014 Cordon-Obras et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

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