Impact of a board-game approach on current smokers: a randomized controlled trial

Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy

Daniele Zullino²  Jacques Cornuz¹  Riaz Khan²  Jean-François Etter³  Anne-Sylvie Protti²  Grégoire Monney²  Emilie Burnens²  Ornella Ruggeri²  Johan Jacquet²  Yves Edel⁴  Fadi Zebouni⁴  Roberto Prezzemolo²  Anne Chatton²  Yasser Khazaal² 

[1] Department of Ambulatory Care and Community Medicine, University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland;Division of Addictology, University Hospitals of Geneva, Rue Verte 2, Geneva 1205, Switzerland;Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland;ECIMUD, Hôpital Pitié Salepêtrière, Paris, France

关键词: Board games;    Motivational interviewing;    Cognitive behavior therapy;    Smoking cessation;    Smoking;   

Others  :  834442
DOI  :  10.1186/1747-597X-8-3

 received in 2011-08-08, accepted in 2013-01-03,  发布年份 2013

【 摘 要 】

Background

The main objective of our study was to assess the impact of a board game on smoking status and smoking-related variables in current smokers. To accomplish this objective, we conducted a randomized controlled trial comparing the game group with a psychoeducation group and a waiting-list control group.

Methods

The following measures were performed at participant inclusion, as well as after a 2-week and a 3-month follow-up period: “Attitudes Towards Smoking Scale” (ATS-18), “Smoking Self-Efficacy Questionnaire” (SEQ-12), “Attitudes Towards Nicotine Replacement Therapy” scale (ANRT-12), number of cigarettes smoked per day, stages of change, quit attempts, and smoking status. Furthermore, participants were assessed for concurrent psychiatric disorders and for the severity of nicotine dependence with the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND).

Results

A time × group effect was observed for subscales of the ANRT-12, ATS-18 and SEQ-12, as well as for the number of cigarettes smoked per day. At three months follow-up, compared to the participants allocated to the waiting list group, those on Pick-Klop group were less likely to remain smoker.

Outcomes at 3 months were not predicted by gender, age, FTND, stage of change, or psychiatric disorders at inclusion.

Conclusions

The board game seems to be a good option for smokers. The game led to improvements in variables known to predict quitting in smokers. Furthermore, it increased smoking-cessation rates at 3-months follow-up. The game is also an interesting alternative for smokers in the precontemplation stage.

【 授权许可】

   
2013 khazaal et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

Figure 1.

Figure 2.

【 参考文献 】

• [1]Etter JF, Humair JP, Bergman MM, Perneger TV: Development and validation of the Attitudes Towards Smoking Scale (ATS-18). Addiction 2000, 95(4):613-625.
• [2]Silagy C, Mant D, Fowler G, Lancaster T: Nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2000, (3):CD000146.
• [3]Hughes JR, Stead LF, Lancaster T: Antidepressants for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2003, (2):CD000031.
• [4]Stead LF, Lancaster T: Group behaviour therapy programmes for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2002, (3):CD001007.
• [5]Hughes JR: Motivating and helping smokers to stop smoking. J Gen Intern Med 2003, 18(12):1053-1057.
• [6]Hughes JR, Keely JP, Niaura RS, Ossip-Klein DJ, Richmond RL, Swan GE: Measures of abstinence in clinical trials: issues and recommendations. Nicotine Tob Res 2003, 5(1):13-25.
• [7]Droomers M, Schrijvers CT, Mackenbach JP: Educational differences in the intention to stop smoking: explanations based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour. Eur J Public Health 2004, 14(2):194-198.
• [8]Hammond D, McDonald PW, Fong GT, Borland R: Do smokers know how to quit? Knowledge and perceived effectiveness of cessation assistance as predictors of cessation behaviour. Addiction 2004, 99(8):1042-1048.
• [9]Prochaska JO, DiClemente CC, Norcross JC: In search of how people change. Applications to addictive behaviors. Am Psychol 1992, 47(9):1102-1114.
• [10]Nicki RM, Remington RE, MacDonald GA: Self-efficacy, nicotine-fading/self-monitoring and cigarette-smoking behaviour. Behav Res Ther 1984, 22(5):477-485.
• [11]Dijkstra A, Wolde GT: Ongoing interpretations of accomplishments in smoking cessation: positive and negative self-efficacy interpretations. Addict Behav 2005, 30(2):219-234.
• [12]Khazaal Y, Favrod J, Libbrecht J, Finot SC, Azoulay S, Benzakin L, Oury-Delamotte M, Follack C, Pomini V: A card game for the treatment of delusional ideas: a naturalistic pilot trial. BMC Psychiatry 2006, 6:48. BioMed Central Full Text
• [13]Khazaal Y, Chatton A, Prezzemolo R, Hoch A, Cornuz J, Zullino D: A game for smokers: a preliminary naturalistic trial in a psychiatric hospital. Patient Educ Couns 2008, 70(2):205-208.
• [14]Sheehan DV, Lecrubier Y, Sheehan KH, Amorim P, Janavs J, Weiller E, Hergueta T, Baker R, Dunbar GC: The Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.): the development and validation of a structured diagnostic psychiatric interview for DSM-IV and ICD-10. J Clin Psychiatry 1998, 59(Suppl 20):22-33. quiz 34–57
• [15]Glassman AH, Helzer JE, Covey LS, Cottler LB, Stetner F, Tipp JE, Johnson J: Smoking, smoking cessation, and major depression. JAMA 1990, 264(12):1546-1549.
• [16]Lasser K, Boyd JW, Woolhandler S, Himmelstein DU, McCormick D, Bor DH: Smoking and mental illness: a population-based prevalence study. JAMA 2000, 284(20):2606-2610.
• [17]Sung HY, Prochaska JJ, Ong MK, Shi Y, Max W: Cigarette smoking and serious psychological distress: a population-based study of California adults. Nicotine Tob Res 2011, 13(12):1183-1192.
• [18]Pratt LA, Brody DJ: Depression and smoking in the U.S. household population aged 20 and over, 2005–2008. NCHS Data Brief 2010, (34):1-8.
• [19]Pomerleau CS, Carton SM, Lutzke ML, Flessland KA, Pomerleau OF: Reliability of the Fagerstrom Tolerance Questionnaire and the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence. Addict Behav 1994, 19(1):33-39.
• [20]Heatherton TF, Kozlowski LT, Frecker RC, Fagerstrom KO: The Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence: a revision of the Fagerstrom Tolerance Questionnaire. Br J Addict 1991, 86(9):1119-1127.
• [21]Etter JF, Sutton S: Assessing ‘stage of change’ in current and former smokers. Addiction 2002, 97(9):1171-1182.
• [22]Etter JF, Bergman MM, Humair JP, Perneger TV: Development and validation of a scale measuring self-efficacy of current and former smokers. Addiction 2000, 95(6):901-913.
• [23]Etter JF, Perneger TV: Attitudes toward nicotine replacement therapy in smokers and ex-smokers in the general public. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2001, 69(3):175-183.
• [24]Attkisson CC, Zwick R: The client satisfaction questionnaire. Psychometric properties and correlations with service utilization and psychotherapy outcome. Eval Program Plann 1982, 5(3):233-237.
• [25]Falba T, Jofre-Bonet M, Busch S, Duchovny N, Sindelar J: Reduction of quantity smoked predicts future cessation among older smokers. Addiction 2004, 99(1):93-102.
• [26]Lawhon D, Humfleet GL, Hall SM, Munoz RF, Reus VI: Longitudinal analysis of abstinence-specific social support and smoking cessation. Health Psychol 2009, 28(4):465-472.