Spinal cord regeneration in Xenopus tadpoles proceeds through activation of Sox2-positive cells

Neural Development

Juan Larraín²  Dasfne Lee-Liu²  Esteban G Contreras²  Mauricio Moreno²  Ricardo Tampe²  Natalia Sánchez²  Rosana Muñoz²  Marcia Gaete¹ 

[1] Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Alameda, 340, Santiago, Chile;Center for Aging and Regeneration, Millennium Nucleus in Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Alameda, 340, Santiago, Chile

关键词: Xenopus;    Sox2;    Spinal cord regeneration;   

Others  :  820316
DOI  :  10.1186/1749-8104-7-13

 received in 2011-12-29, accepted in 2012-04-26,  发布年份 2012

【 摘 要 】

Background

In contrast to mammals, amphibians, such as adult urodeles (for example, newts) and anuran larvae (for example, Xenopus) can regenerate their spinal cord after injury. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in this process are still poorly understood.

Results

Here, we report that tail amputation results in a global increase of Sox2 levels and proliferation of Sox2⁺ cells. Overexpression of a dominant negative form of Sox2 diminished proliferation of spinal cord resident cells affecting tail regeneration after amputation, suggesting that spinal cord regeneration is crucial for the whole process. After spinal cord transection, Sox2⁺ cells are found in the ablation gap forming aggregates. Furthermore, Sox2 levels correlated with regenerative capabilities during metamorphosis, observing a decrease in Sox2 levels at non-regenerative stages.

Conclusions

Sox2⁺ cells contribute to the regeneration of spinal cord after tail amputation and transection. Sox2 levels decreases during metamorphosis concomitantly with the lost of regenerative capabilities. Our results lead to a working hypothesis in which spinal cord damage activates proliferation and/or migration of Sox2⁺ cells, thus allowing regeneration of the spinal cord after tail amputation or reconstitution of the ependymal epithelium after spinal cord transection.

【 授权许可】

   
2012 Gaete et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

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