Challenges towards the elimination of Human African Trypanosomiasis in the sleeping sickness focus of Campo in southern Cameroon

Particle and Fibre Toxicology

Pascal Grébaut²  Flobert Njiokou⁵  Tazoacha Asonganyi³  Vincent Ebo’o Eyenga⁴  Jean Arthur Mbida Mbida¹  Gustave Simo⁶ 

[1] Faculty of science, University of Douala, PO Box 24157, Douala, Cameroon;Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Unité Mixte de Recherche 177 IRD-CIRAD, Campus International de Baillarguet, TA A17/G, 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France;Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Science, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon;National Sleeping sickness control Program of Cameroon, Yaoundé, Cameroon;Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon;Molecular Parasitology and Entomology Unit (MPEU), Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of science, University of Dschang, PO Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon

关键词: Trypanosoma brucei gambiense;    Animal reservoir;    Socio-economic mutations;    Sleeping sickness;   

Others  :  1181862
DOI  :  10.1186/1756-3305-7-374

 received in 2014-04-19, accepted in 2014-07-27,  发布年份 2014

【 摘 要 】

The sleeping sickness focus of Campo lies along the Atlantic coast and extends along the Ntem River, which constitutes the Cameroonian and Equatorial Guinean border. It is a hypo-endemic focus with the disease prevalence varying from 0.3 to 0.86% during the last few decades. Investigations on animal reservoirs revealed a prevalence of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense of 0.6% in wild animals and 4.83% in domestic animals of this focus. From 2001 to 2012, about 19 931 tsetse were collected in this focus and five tsetse species including Glossina palpalis palpalis, G. pallicera, G. nigrofusca, G. tabaniformis and G. caliginea were identified. The analysis of blood meals of these flies showed that they feed on human, pig, goat, sheep, and wild animals such as antelope, duiker, wild pig, turtle and snake. The percentage of blood meals taken on these hosts varies according to sampling periods. For instance, 6.8% of blood meals from pig were reported in 2004 and 22% in 2008. This variation is subjected to considerable evolutions because the Campo HAT focus is submitted to socio-economic mutations including the reopening of a new wood company, the construction of autonomous port at "Kribi" as well as the dam at "Memve ele". These activities will bring more that 3000 inhabitants around Campo and induce the deforestation for the implementation of farmlands as well as breeding of domestic animals. Such mutations have impacts on the transmission and the epidemiology of sleeping sickness due to the modification of the fauna composition, the nutritional behavior of tsetse, the zoophilic/anthropophilic index. To achieve the elimination goal in the sleeping sickness focus of Campo, we report in this paper the current epidemiological situation of the disease, the research findings of the last decades notably on the population genetics of trypanosomes, the modifications of nutritional behavior of tsetse, the prevalence of T. b. gambiense in humans, domestic and wild animals. An overview on the types of mutations occurring in the region has been raised and a discussion on the strategies that can be implemented to achieve the elimination of the disease has been made.

【 授权许可】

   
2014 Simo et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

Figure 1.

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