Evaluation of indoxacarb and fipronil (s)-methoprene topical spot-on formulations to control flea populations in naturally infested dogs and cats in private residences in Tampa FL. USA

Particle and Fibre Toxicology

Fangshi Sun¹  Pamela Ford¹  Kathleen Heaney¹  Maria F Martinez-Perez de Zeiders²  Gabrielle Fadl²  Jacob Davenport²  Emery Jones²  Monica Chwala²  Vicki Smith²  Patricia A Payne²  Michael W Dryden² 

[1] Merck Animal Health, 556 Morris Avenue, Summit, NJ 07901, USA;Dept. of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA

关键词: Methoprene;    Indoxacarb;    Flea control;    Flea;    Fipronil;    Field study;    Dogs;    Cats;    Cat flea;    Ctenocephalides felis felis;   

Others  :  823412
DOI  :  10.1186/1756-3305-6-366

 received in 2013-11-09, accepted in 2013-12-23,  发布年份 2013

【 摘 要 】

Background

A study was conducted to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of two different spot-on topical flea products to control flea infestations on naturally infested dogs and cats in Tampa, FL USA.

Methods

Thirty-two dogs and 3 cats with natural flea infestations living in 18 homes were treated topically with a 19.53% w/w spot-on formulation of indoxacarb. Another thirty dogs and 2 cats living in 19 different homes were treated topically with either fipronil (9.8% w/w)/(s)-methoprene (8.89% w/w) or fipronil (9.8% w/w)/(s)-methoprene (11.8% w/w), respectively. All products were applied according to label directions by study investigators on day 0 and again between days 28 and 30. Flea populations on pets were assessed using visual area counts and premise flea infestations were assessed using intermittent-light flea traps on days 0, 7, 14, 21, 28–30, 40–45, and 54–60.

Results

A single application of the indoxacarb or fipronil (s)-methoprene formulations reduced flea populations on pets by 97.8% and 85.5%, respectively within 7 days. One month (28–30 days) after treatment the indoxacarb and fipronil (s)-methoprene formulations reduced on-animal flea burdens by 95.0% and 49.5%, respectively. Following two monthly applications of either the indoxacarb or fipronil (s)-methoprene formulations, pet flea burdens were reduced by 99.1% and 54.8%, respectively, by days 54 – 60. At the end of the two month study, 77.1% and 15.6% of the dogs and cats in the indoxacarb and fipronil (s)-methoprene treatment groups, respectively were flea free. Flea numbers in the indoor-premises were markedly reduced in both treatment groups by days 54–60, with 97.7% and 84.6% reductions in intermittent-light flea trap counts in the indoxacarb and fipronil (s)-methoprene treatment groups, respectively.

Conclusions

This in-home investigation conducted during the summer of 2013 in subtropical Tampa, FL, is the first published U.S field investigation of the indoxacarb topical formulation. The indoxacarb formulation was able to effectively control flea populations in heavily flea infested pets and homes. The efficacy achieved by the fipronil (s)-methoprene formulation against flea infestations on these pets was lower than in previous investigations using the same study design.

【 授权许可】

   
2013 Dryden et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 参考文献 】

• [1]Blagburn BL, Dryden MW: Biology, treatment and control of flea and tick infestations. Vet Clin N Am 2009, 39(6):1173-1200.
• [2]Beugnet F, Franc M: Results of a European multicentric field efficacy study of fipronil-(S) methoprene combination on flea infestation of dogs and cats during 2009 summer. Parasite 2010, 17(4):337-342.
• [3]Dryden MW, Perez HR, Ulitchny DM: Control of flea populations on naturally infested dogs and cats and in private residences with either topical imidacloprid spot application or the combination of oral lufenuron and pyrethrin spray. Am J Vet Med Assoc 1999, 215(1):36-39.
• [4]Dryden MM, Magid-Denenberg T, Bunch S: Control of fleas on naturally infested dogs and cats and in private residences with topical spot applications of fipronil or imidacloprid. Vet Parasitol 2000, 93:69-75.
• [5]Dryden M, Maggid-Denenberg T, Bunch S, Schenker R: Control of fleas on dogs and cats and in private residences with the combination of oral lufenuron and nitenpyram. Vet Therapeutics 2001, 2:208-214.
• [6]Dryden M, Carithers D, McBride A, Riggs B, Smith L, Davenport J, Smith V, Payne P, Gross S: A comparison of flea control measurement methods for tracking flea populations in highly infested private residences in Tampa FL, following topical treatment of pets with FRONTLINE® Plus (fipronil/(S)-methoprene). Intern J Appl Res Vet Med 2011, 9(4):356-567.
• [7]Dryden MW, Payne PA, Smith V, Riggs B, Davenport J, Kobuszewski D: Efficacy of dinotefuran–pyriproxyfen, dinotefuran–pyriproxyfen–permethrin and fipronil–(S)-methoprene topical spot-on formulations to control flea populations in naturally infested pets and private residences in Tampa, FL. Vet Parasitol 2011, 182:281-286.
• [8]Miller PF, Peters BA, Hort CA: Comparison of lufenuron and nitenpyram versus imidacloprid for integrated flea control. Vet Ther 2001, 2(4):285-292.
• [9]Robertson-Plouch C, Baker KA, Hozak RR, Zimmermann AG, Parks SC, Herr G, Hart LM, Jay J, Hutchens DE, Snyder DE: Clinical field study of the safety and efficacy of spinosad chewable tablets for controlling fleas on dogs. Vet Ther 2008, 9(1):26-36.
• [10]Stanneck D, Rass J, Radeloff I, Kruedewagen E, Le Sueur C, Hellmann K, Krieger K: Evaluation of the long-term efficacy and safety of an imidacloprid 10%/flumethrin 4.5% polymer matrix collar (Seresto®) in dogs and cats naturally infested with fleas and/or ticks in multicentre clinical field studies in Europe. Parasit Vectors 2012, 5:66. BioMed Central Full Text
• [11]Wing KD, Andaloro JT, McCann SF, Salgado VL: Indoxacarb and the sodium channel blocker insecticides: chemistry, physiology and biology in insects. In Insect control biological and synthetic agents. Edited by Gilbert LI, Gill SS. London: Elsevier, B.V; 2010:35-57.
• [12]Wing KD, Sacher M, Kagaya Y, Tsurubuchi Y, Mulderig L, Connair M, Schnee M: Bioactivation and mode of action of the oxadiazine indoxacarb in insects. Crop Prot 2000, 19:537-545.
• [13]Dryden MW, Payne PA, Smith V, Heaney K, Sun F: Efficacy of indoxacarb applied to cats against the adult cat flea, Ctenocephalides felis, flea eggs and adult flea emergence. Parasit Vectors 2013, 6:126. BioMed Central Full Text
• [14]Dryden M, Broce A: Development of a flea trap for collecting newly emerged Ctenocephalides felis (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae) in homes. J Med Entomol 1993, 30:901-906.
• [15]Müller GC, Dryden MW, Revay EE, Kravchenko VD, Broce AC, Hampton K, Junnila A, Schlein Y: Understanding attraction stimuli of Ctenocephalides felis for non-chemical control methods. Med Vet Entomol 2011, 25(4):413-420.
• [16]Dryden M, Boyer J, Smith V: Techniques for estimating on animal populations of Ctenocephalides felis (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae). J Med Entomol 1994, 31:631-624.
• [17]Dryden MW: How you and your clients can win the flea control battle. Vet Med 2009. http://veterinarymedicine.dvm360.com/vetmed/ArticleStandard/Article/detail/585264 webcite