Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3, parathyroid hormone and blood pressure in an elderly cohort from Germany: a cross-sectional study

Nutrition & Metabolism

Monika Neuhäuser-Berthold¹  Heinz J Roth²  Alexandra Jungert¹ 

[1] Institute of Nutritional Science, Justus-Liebig-University, Goethestrasse 55, 35390 Giessen, Germany;Endocrinology and Oncology Department, Limbach Laboratory, 69126, Heidelberg, Germany

关键词: Elderly;    Blood pressure;    Parathyroid hormone;    25-Hydroxyvitamin D₃;   

Others  :  819999
DOI  :  10.1186/1743-7075-9-20

 received in 2012-01-10, accepted in 2012-03-21,  发布年份 2012

【 摘 要 】

Background

Although several studies indicate a link between vitamin D status and blood pressure (BP), the results are inconsistent. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether in predominantly non-obese elderly people without vitamin D deficiency or very high intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) levels serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D₃ [25(OH)D₃] and iPTH are independently associated with BP.

Methods

Cross-sectional data of 132 non-institutionalised subjects (90 women and 42 men, aged 66- 96 years) from Giessen, Germany, were analysed. Serum 25(OH)D₃ and iPTH were measured by an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay and BP was determined with a sphygmomanometer. We performed univariate and multiple regression analyses to examine the influence of 25(OH)D₃ and iPTH on BP with adjustments for age, body composition and lifestyle factors.

Results

While iPTH had no impact on BP, 25(OH)D₃ was negatively associated with systolic BP in men, but not in women. After splitting the cohort into antihypertensive medication users and non-users, 25(OH)D₃ was a significant predictor for systolic and diastolic BP only in men not receiving antihypertensive medicine, even after multiple adjustment. Adjustment for 25(OH)D₃ resulted in an inverse association of iPTH with diastolic BP also only in men without intake of antihypertensive medicine.

Conclusions

In elderly men without vitamin D deficiency and not taking antihypertensive medicine, 25(OH)D₃ may be a negative determinant of BP, independent of iPTH, body composition and lifestyle factors. Furthermore, iPTH may be an independent negative determinant of diastolic BP in men not taking antihypertensive medicine.

【 授权许可】

   
2012 Jungert et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

Figure 1.

【 参考文献 】

• [1]Li YC, Kong J, Wei M, Chen ZF, Liu SQ, Cao LP: 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D(3) is a negative endocrine regulator of the renin-angiotensin system. J Clin Invest 2002, 110:229-238.
• [2]Li YC: Vitamin D regulation of the renin-angiotensin system. J Cell Biochem 2003, 88:327-331.
• [3]Zittermann A, Koerfer R: Vitamin D in the prevention and treatment of coronary heart disease. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2008, 11:752-757.
• [4]Almirall J, Vaqueiro M, Baré ML, Anton E: Association of low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and high arterial blood pressure in the elderly. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2010, 25:503-509.
• [5]Forman JP, Curhan GC, Taylor EN: Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and risk of incident hypertension among young women. Hypertension 2008, 52:828-832.
• [6]Forman JP, Giovannucci E, Holmes MD, Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Tworoger SS, Willett WC, Curhan GC: Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and risk of incident hypertension. Hypertension 2007, 49:1063-1069.
• [7]Judd SE, Nanes MS, Ziegler TR, Wilson PW, Tangpricha V: Optimal vitamin D status attenuates the age-associated increase in systolic blood pressure in white Americans: results from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Am J Clin Nutr 2008, 87:136-141.
• [8]Martins D, Wolf M, Pan D, Zadshir A, Tareen N, Thadhani R, Felsenfeld A, Levine B, Mehrotra R, Norris K: Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and the serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in the United States: data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Arch Intern Med 2007, 167:1159-1165.
• [9]Scragg R, Sowers M, Bell C: Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, ethnicity, and blood pressure in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Am J Hypertens 2007, 20:713-719.
• [10]Scragg RK, Camargo CA, Simpson RU: Relation of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D to heart rate and cardiac work (from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys). Am J Cardiol 2010, 105:122-128.
• [11]Zhao G, Ford ES, Li C, Kris-Etherton PM, Etherton TD, Balluz LS: Independent associations of serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and parathyroid hormone with blood pressure among US adults. J Hypertens 2010, 28:1821-1828.
• [12]Hjelmesaeth J, Hofsø D, Aasheim ET, Jenssen T, Moan J, Hager H, Røislien J, Bollerslev J: Parathyroid hormone, but not vitamin D, is associated with the metabolic syndrome in morbidly obese women and men: a cross-sectional study. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2009, 8:7. BioMed Central Full Text
• [13]Jorde R, Sundsfjord J, Haug E, Bønaa KH: Relation between low calcium intake, parathyroid hormone, and blood pressure. Hypertension 2000, 35:1154-1159.
• [14]Morfis L, Smerdely P, Howes LG: Relationship between serum parathyroid hormone levels in the elderly and 24 h ambulatory blood pressures. J Hypertens 1997, 15:1271-1276.
• [15]Reis JP, von Mühlen D, Kritz-Silverstein D, Wingard DL, Barrett-Connor E: Vitamin D, parathyroid hormone levels, and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in community-dwelling older adults. Diabetes Care 2007, 30:1549-1555.
• [16]Scragg R, Holdaway I, Singh V, Metcalf P, Baker J, Dryson E: Serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol concentration in newly detected hypertension. Am J Hypertens 1995, 8:429-432.
• [17]Snijder MB, Lips P, Seidell JC, Visser M, Deeg DJ, Dekker JM, van Dam RM: Vitamin D status and parathyroid hormone levels in relation to blood pressure: a population-based study in older men and women. J Intern Med 2007, 261:558-565.
• [18]Chan R, Chan D, Woo J, Ohlsson C, Mellström D, Kwok T, Leung P: Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and parathyroid hormone levels in relation to blood pressure in a cross-sectional study in older Chinese men. J Hum Hypertens 2012, 26:20-27.
• [19]Muray S, Parisi E, Cardús A, Craver L, Fernández E: Influence of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms and 25-hydroxyvitamin D on blood pressure in apparently healthy subjects. J Hypertens 2003, 21:2069-2075.
• [20]He JL, Scragg RK: Vitamin D, Parathyroid Hormone, and Blood Pressure in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. Am J Hypertens 2011, 24:911-917.
• [21]Jorde R, Svartberg J, Sundsfjord J: Serum parathyroid hormone as a predictor of increase in systolic blood pressure in men. J Hypertens 2005, 23:1639-1644.
• [22]Walker MD, Fleischer J, Rundek T, McMahon DJ, Homma S, Sacco R, Silverberg SJ: Carotid vascular abnormalities in primary hyperparathyroidism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009, 94:3849-3856.
• [23]Schmitz KJ, Skinner HG, Bautista LE, Fingerlin TE, Langefeld CD, Hicks PJ, Haffner SM, Bryer-Ash M, Wagenknecht LE, Bowden DW, Norris JM, Engelman CD: Association of 25-hydroxyvitamin D with blood pressure in predominantly 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficient Hispanic and African Americans. Am J Hypertens 2009, 22:867-870.
• [24]Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR, Cushman WC, Green LA, Izzo JL Jr, Jones DW, Materson BJ, Oparil S, Wright JT Jr, Roccella EJ: Seventh report of the joint national committee on prevention, detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure. Hypertension 2003, 42:1206-1252.
• [25]Hayes DP: Vitamin D and ageing. Biogerontology 2010, 11:1-16.
• [26]Krems C, Lührmann PM, Neuhäuser-Berthold M: Physical activity in young and elderly subjects. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2004, 44:71-76.
• [27]Roubenoff R, Baumgartner RN, Harris TB, Dallal GE, Hannan MT, Economos CD, Stauber PM, Wilson PW, Kiel DP: Application of bioelectrical impedance analysis to elderly populations. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 1997, 52:M129-M136.
• [28]Lührmann PM, Herbert B, Gaster C, Neuhäuser-Berthold M: Validation of a self-administered 3-day estimated dietary record for use in the elderly. Eur J Nutr 1999, 38:235-240.
• [29]Pickering TG, Hall JE, Appel LJ, Falkner BE, Graves J, Hill MN, Jones DW, Kurtz T, Sheps SG, Roccella EJ: Recommendations for blood pressure measurement in humans and experimental animals: part 1: blood pressure measurement in humans: a statement for professionals from the Subcommittee of Professional and Public Education of the American Heart Association Council on High Blood Pressure Research. Circulation 2005, 111:697-716.
• [30]Roche Diagnostics GmbH: Elecsys 1010/2010/Modular analytics E170. PTH. Mannheim, Germany; 2003.
• [31]Roche Diagnostics GmbH: Elecsys and cobas analyzer. Vitamin D3 (25-OH). Mannheim, Germany; 2007.
• [32]Seelig HP, Wüst H: Die Kreatininbestimmung mit der Jaffé Reaktion. Ärztl Lab 1969, 15:34-39.
• [33]Levey AS, Greene T, Kusek J, Beck G: A simplified equation to predict glomerular filtration rate from serum creatinine (abstract). J Am Soc Nephrol 2000, 11:155A.
• [34]German Nutrition Society/Deutsche Gesellschaft für Ernährung, Österreichische Gesellschaft für Ernährung, Schweizerische Gesellschaft für Ernährungsforschung, Schweizerische Vereinigung für Ernährung: Referenzwerte für die Nährstoffzufuhr. Vitamin D. Neustadt a. d. Weinstraße, Germany: Neuer Umschau Buchverlag; 2012.
• [35]Zhou C, Lu F, Cao K, Xu D, Goltzman D, Miao D: Calcium-independent and 1,25(OH)2D3-dependent regulation of the renin-angiotensin system in 1α-hydroxylase knockout mice. Kidney Int 2008, 74:170-179.
• [36]German Nutrition Society/Deutsche Gesellschaft für Ernährung, Österreichische Gesellschaft für Ernährung, Schweizerische Gesellschaft für Ernährungsforschung, Schweizerische Vereinigung für Ernährung: Referenzwerte für die Nährstoffzufuhr. Frankfurt/Main, Germany: Umschau Braus; 2000.
• [37]Jorde R, Figenschau Y, Emaus N, Hutchinson M, Grimnes G: Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels are strongly related to systolic blood pressure but do not predict future hypertension. Hypertension 2010, 55:792-798.
• [38]Kotchen TA: Obesity-related hypertension: epidemiology, pathophysiology, and clinical management. Am J Hypertens 2010, 23:1170-1178.
• [39]Zhou J, Zhao LJ, Watson P, Zhang Q, Lappe JM: The effect of calcium and vitamin D supplementation on obesity in postmenopausal women: secondary analysis for a large-scale, placebo controlled, double-blind, 4-year longitudinal clinical trial. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2010, 7:62. BioMed Central Full Text
• [40]Fraser A, Williams D, Lawlor DA: Associations of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, parathyroid hormone and calcium with cardiovascular risk factors: analysis of 3 NHANES cycles (2001-2006). PLoS One 2010, 5:e13882.
• [41]Forman JP, Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Willett WC, Stampfer MJ, Curhan GC: Vitamin D intake and risk of incident hypertension: results from three large prospective cohort studies. Hypertension 2005, 46:676-682.
• [42]Jorde R, Bønaa KH: Calcium from dairy products, vitamin D intake, and blood pressure: the Tromsø study. Am J Clin Nutr 2000, 71:1530-1535.
• [43]Puddey IB, Beilin LJ: Alcohol is bad for blood pressure. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2006, 33:847-852.