Increased number and altered phenotype of lymphatic vessels in peripheral lung compartments of patients with COPD

Respiratory Research

Jonas S Erjefält¹  Claes-Göran Löfdahl¹  Gerard J Graham²  Cecilia K Andersson¹  Michiko Mori³ 

[1] Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden;Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK;Unit of Airway Inflammation and Immunology, Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden

关键词: Inflammation;    Immunohistochemistry;    D6;    CCL21;    Lymphatic vessel;    Alveolar;    Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease;   

Others  :  793285
DOI  :  10.1186/1465-9921-14-65

 received in 2013-04-03, accepted in 2013-06-05,  发布年份 2013

【 摘 要 】

Background

De novo lymphatic vessel formation has recently been observed in lungs of patients with moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, the distribution of lymphatic vessel changes among the anatomical compartments of diseased lungs is unknown. Furthermore, information regarding the nature of lymphatic vessel alterations across different stages of COPD is missing. This study performs a detailed morphometric characterization of lymphatic vessels in major peripheral lung compartments of patients with different severities of COPD and investigates the lymphatic expression of molecules involved in immune cell trafficking.

Methods

Peripheral lung resection samples obtained from patients with mild (GOLD stage I), moderate-severe (GOLD stage II-III), and very severe (GOLD stage IV) COPD were investigated for podoplanin-immunopositive lymphatic vessels in distinct peripheral lung compartments: bronchioles, pulmonary blood vessels and alveolar walls. Control subjects with normal lung function were divided into never smokers and smokers. Lymphatics were analysed by multiple morphological parameters, as well as for their expression of CCL21 and the chemokine scavenger receptor D6.

Results

The number of lymphatics increased by 133% in the alveolar parenchyma in patients with advanced COPD compared with never-smoking controls (p < 0.05). In patchy fibrotic lesions the number of alveolar lymphatics increased 20-fold from non-fibrotic parenchyma in the same COPD patients. The absolute number of lymphatics per bronchiole and artery was increased in advanced COPD, but numbers were not different after normalization to tissue area. Increased numbers of CCL21- and D6-positive lymphatics were observed in the alveolar parenchyma in advanced COPD compared with controls (p < 0.01). Lymphatic vessels also displayed increased mean levels of immunoreactivity for CCL21 in the wall of bronchioles (p < 0.01) and bronchiole-associated arteries (p < 0.05), as well as the alveolar parenchyma (p < 0.001) in patients with advanced COPD compared with never-smoking controls. A similar increase in lymphatic D6 immunoreactivity was observed in bronchioles (p < 0.05) and alveolar parenchyma (p < 0.01).

Conclusions

This study shows that severe stages of COPD is associated with increased numbers of alveolar lymphatic vessels and a change in lymphatic vessel phenotype in major peripheral lung compartments. This novel histopathological feature is suggested to have important implications for distal lung immune cell traffic in advanced COPD.

【 授权许可】

   
2013 Mori et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

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