Preventive effect of permethrin-impregnated long-lasting insecticidal nets on the blood feeding of three major pyrethroid-resistant malaria vectors in western Kenya

Particle and Fibre Toxicology

Noboru Minakawa²  Charles Mwandawiro⁵  Sammy M Njenga⁶  George Sonye⁷  Gabriel O Dida³  Kazunori Ohashi⁴  Hitoshi Kawada¹ 

[1] Department of Vector Ecology & Environment, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan;The Global Center of Excellence Program, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan;School of Public Health, Maseno University, Kisumu, Kenya;Health and Crop Sciences Research Laboratory, Sumitomo Chemical Co Ltd, Hyogo, Japan;Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya;Eastern and Southern Africa Centre of International Parasite Control, Nairobi, Kenya;Springs of Hope, Mbita, Kenya

关键词: Kenya;    LLIN;    Anopheles funestus;    Anopheles arabiensis;    Anopheles gambiae s.s;    Resistance;    Permethrin;   

Others  :  1181853
DOI  :  10.1186/1756-3305-7-383

 received in 2014-02-24, accepted in 2014-08-09,  发布年份 2014

【 摘 要 】

Background

Since the World Health Organization (WHO) adopted the use of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) as a principal strategy for effective malaria prevention and control, pyrethroids have been the only class of insecticides used for LLINs. The dramatic success of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) and LLINs in African countries, however, has been threatened by the rapid development of pyrethroid resistance in vector mosquitoes. ITNs and LLINs are still used as effective self-protection measures, but there have been few studies on the effectiveness of ITNs and LLINs in areas where vector mosquitoes are pyrethroid-resistant.

Methods

To investigate the behavioral pattern of mosquitoes in the houses where LLINs were used, indoor mosquito trappings of Anopheles gambiae s.s., An. arabiensis, and An. funestus s.s. were performed with Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) miniature light trap equipped with a collection bottle rotator at 2-hour intervals between 4:00 PM and 8:00 AM. The trapped female mosquitoes were identified and classified as unfed, blood fed, and gravid. The abdominal contents of fed female mosquitoes were used for DNA extractions to identify the blood source.

Results

A large proportion of human blood feeding of An. arabiensis and An. funestus s.s. (but not An. gambiae s.s.) took place during the time people were active outside LLINs. However, during the hours when people were beneath LLINs, these provided protective efficacy as indicated by reduced human blood feeding rates.

Conclusion

LLINs provided effective protection against pyrethroid-resistant malaria vector populations during bedtime hours. However, protection of LLINs was insufficient during the hours when people were active outside of the bed nets. Such limitation of LLINs will need to be intensively addressed in African countries in the near future.

【 授权许可】

   
2014 Kawada et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

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