Frataxin deficiency unveils cell-context dependent actions of insulin-like growth factor I on neurons

Molecular Neurodegeneration

Ignacio Torres-Alemán¹  Silvia Fernández¹  Carolina Franco¹ 

[1] Cajal Institute, CSIC, and CIBERNED, Avda Dr Arce 37, 28002, Madrid, Spain

关键词: Neuroprotection;    Insulin-like growth factor 1;    Frataxin;    Friedreich’s ataxia;   

Others  :  863763
DOI  :  10.1186/1750-1326-7-51

 received in 2012-07-10, accepted in 2012-10-03,  发布年份 2012

【 摘 要 】

Background

Friedreich’s ataxia (FRDA) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by deficiency of the mitochondrial iron chaperone frataxin (Fxn). FRDA has no cure, but disease-modifying strategies to increase frataxin are under study. Because insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) has therapeutic effects in various types of cerebellar ataxia and exerts protective actions on mitochondrial function, we explored the potential Fxn-stimulating activity of this growth factor on brain cells.

Results

IGF-I normalized frataxin levels in frataxin-deficient neurons and astrocytes through its canonical Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. IGF-I also stimulated frataxin in normal astrocytes but not in normal neurons, whereas IGF-I stimulated the Akt/mTOR pathway in both types of cells. This cell context-dependent action of IGF-I on neurons suggested that the intrinsic regulation of Fxn in neurons is different than in astrocytes. Indeed, neurons express much higher levels of frataxin and are much more sensitive to Fxn deficiency than astrocytes; i.e.: only neurons die in the absence of frataxin. In addition, the half-life of frataxin is shorter in neurons than in astrocytes, while after blockade of the proteasome only neurons responded to IGF-I with an increase in frataxin levels. We also explore a potential therapeutic utility of IGF-I in FRDA-like transgenic mice (YG8R mice) and found that treatment with IGF-I normalized motor coordination in these moderately ataxic mice.

Conclusion

Exposure to IGF-I unveiled a cell-specific regulation of frataxin in neurons as compared to astrocytes. Collectively, these results indicate that IGF-I exerts cell-context neuroprotection in frataxin deficiency that maybe therapeutically effective.

【 授权许可】

   
2012 Franco et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

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