Aerobic bacterial flora of biotic and abiotic compartments of a hyperendemic Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (ZCL) focus

Particle and Fibre Toxicology

Ravi Durvasula⁶  Reza Ali Fazeli-Varzaneh⁷  Koorosh Aminian⁵  Reza Jafari³  Yavar Rassi⁴  Mohammad Hasan Shirazi⁸  Bagher Yakhchali¹  Amir Ahmad Akhavan⁴  Sara Hajikhani⁸  Mohammad Hossein Arandian³  Davoud Afshar⁸  Mohammad Ali Oshaghi⁴  Naseh Maleki-Ravasan² 

[1] Department Industrial and of Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran;Malaria and Vector Research Group (MVRG), Biotechnology Research Center (BRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran;Isfahan Health Research Station, National Institute of Health Research (NIHR-IHRS), Esfahan, Iran;Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran;Isfahan Province Health Center No1, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran;Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico;Varzaneh Health Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran;Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran

关键词: Iran;    Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis;    Paratransgenesis;    Microflora;    Phlebotomus papatasi;   

Others  :  1147313
DOI  :  10.1186/s13071-014-0517-3

 received in 2014-06-25, accepted in 2014-11-02,  发布年份 2015

【 摘 要 】

Background

Identification of the microflora of the sand fly gut and the environmental distribution of these bacteria are important components for paratransgenic control of Leishmania transmission by sand flies.

Methods

Biotic and abiotic bacterial communities of four compartments of a hyper-endemic focus of Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (ZCL) were investigated using 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing and phylogenetic tree construction. These compartments include Phlebotomus papatasi’s gut, skin and intestinal tract of great gerbil Rhombomys opimus, the gerbil nest supplies, and plant food sources of the vectors and reservoirs.

Results

Sequence homology analysis using nine available 16S rDNA data bases revealed 40, 24, 15 and 14 aerobic bacterial species from the vector guts, the gerbil bodies, the gerbil nests, and the plants, respectively. The isolated bacteria belong to wide ranges including aerobic to facultative anaerobic, pathogen to commensals, sand fly oviposition inducers, land to air and ocean habitats, animal and human probiotics, and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria. Matching data analysis suggested that the adult P. papatasi gut bacteria could be acquired from three routes, adult sugar feeding on the plant saps, adult blood feeding on the animal host, and larval feeding from nest supplies. However, our laboratory experiment showed that none of the bacteria of the reservoir skin was transmitted to female sand fly guts via blood feeding. The microflora of sand fly guts were associated with the sand fly environment in which the predominant bacteria were Microbacterium, Pseudomonas, and Staphylococcus in human dwellings, cattle farms, and rodent colonies, respectively. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common bacterium in sand fly guts. Presence of some sand fly ovipoisition inducers such Bacillus spp. and Staphylococcus saprophyticus support association between gut flora and oviposition induction.

Conclusions

Results of this study showed that Bacillus subtilis and Enterobacter cloacae particularly subsp. dissolvens are circulated among the sand fly guts, the plants, and the sand fly larval breeding places and hence are possible candidates for a paratransgenic approach to reduce Leishmania transmission.

【 授权许可】

   
2015 Maleki-Ravasan et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

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