The effects of four hypocaloric diets containing different levels of sucrose or high fructose corn syrup on weight loss and related parameters

Nutrition Journal

James M Rippe¹  Zhiping Yu¹  Kathleen J Melanson²  Von Nguyen¹  Sabrina Pardo¹  Diana Kawiecki¹  Joshua Lowndes¹ 

[1] Rippe Lifestyle Institute, 215 Celebration Place, Suite 300, Celebration, FL 34747, USA;Rhode Island University, 202 A Ranger Hall, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA

关键词: Dietary counseling;    Weight loss;    Hypocaloric diet;    High fructose corn syrup;   

Others  :  824162
DOI  :  10.1186/1475-2891-11-55

 received in 2012-01-04, accepted in 2012-07-23,  发布年份 2012

【 摘 要 】

Background

The replacement of sucrose with HFCS in food products has been suggested as playing a role in the development of obesity as a public health issue. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of four equally hypocaloric diets containing different levels of sucrose or high fructose corn syrup (HFCS).

Methods

This was a randomized, prospective, double blind trial, with overweight/obese participants measured for body composition and blood chemistry before and after the completion of 12 weeks following a hypocaloric diet. The average caloric deficit achieved on the hypocaloric diets was 309 kcal.

Results

Reductions were observed in all measures of adiposity including body mass, BMI,% body fat, waist circumference and fat mass for all four hypocaloric groups, as well as reductions in the exercise only group for body mass, BMI and waist circumference.

Conclusions

Similar decreases in weight and indices of adiposity are observed when overweight or obese individuals are fed hypocaloric diets containing levels of sucrose or high fructose corn syrup typically consumed by adults in the United States.

【 授权许可】

   
2012 Lowndes et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

Figure 1.

【 参考文献 】

• [1]Sigman-Grant M, Morita J: Defining and interpreting intakes of sugars. Am J Clin Nutr 2003, 78(suppl):815S-826S.
• [2]Hein GL, Storey ML, White JS, Lineback DR: Highs and lows of high fructose corn syrup. Nutr Today 2005, 40:253-256.
• [3]White J: Straight talk about high-fructose corn syrup: What it is and what it ain’t. Am J Clin Nutr 2008, 88:1716S.
• [4]Bray GA, Popkin BM, Nielson SJ: Consumption of high-fructose corn syrup in beverages may play a role in the epidemic of obesity. Am J Clin Nutr 2004, 79:537-543.
• [5]Bray G: Fructose: should we worry? Int J Obesity 2008, 32:S127-S131.
• [6]Bray G: Fructose: pure, white, and deadly? fructose, by any other name, Is a health hazard. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2010, 4(4):1003-1007.
• [7]Bachman CM, Baranowski T, Nicklas TA: Is there an association between sweetened beverages and adiposity? Nutr Rev 2006, 64:153-174.
• [8]Malik VS, Schulze MB, Hu FB: Intake of sugar-sweetened beverages and weight gain: a systematic review. Am J Clin Nutr 2006, 84:274-288.
• [9]Johnson L, Mander AP, Jones LR, Emmett PM, Jebb SA: Is sugar sweetened beverage consumption associated with increased fatness in children? Nutrition 2007, 23:557-563.
• [10]Johnson RK, Appel LJ, Brands M, Howard BV, Lefevre M, Lustig RH, Sacks F, Steffen LM, Wylie-Rosett J: American heart association nutrition committee of the council on nutrition, physical activity, and metabolism and the council on epidemiology and prevention. Dietary sugars intake and cardiovascular health: A scientific statement from the american heart association. Circulation 2009, 120:1011-1020. http://circ.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/full/120/11/1011 webcite
• [11]Brehm BJ, Seeley RJ, Daniels SR, D’Alessio DA: A randomized trial comparing a very low carbohydrate diet and a calorie-restricted low fat diet on body weight and cardiovascular risk factors in healthy women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003, 88(4):1617-1623.
• [12]Bocarsly ME, Powell ES, Avena NM, Hoebel BG: High-fructose corn syrup causes characteristics of obesity in rats: Increased body weight, body fat and triglyceride levels. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2010, 97(1):101-106.
• [13]Ackroff K, Bonacchi K, Magee M, Yiin YM, Graves JV, Sclafani A: Obesity by choice revisited: effects of food availability, flavor variety and nutrient composition on energy intake. Physiol Behav 2007, 92:468-478.
• [14]Light HR, Tsanzi E, Gigliotti J, Morgan K, Tou JC: The type of caloric sweetener added to water influences weight gain, fat mass, and reproduction in growing Sprague–Dawley female rats. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2009, 234:651-661.
• [15]National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, Blood Institute: Clinical Guidelines on the identification, evaluation, and treatment of overweight and obesity in adults – the evidence report. Obes Res 1998, 6(2):51-209.
• [16]Galuska DA, Will JC, Serdula MK, Ford ES: Are health professionals advising obese patients to lose weight? JAMA 1999, 282:1576-1588.
• [17]Sacks FM, Bray GA, Carey VJ, Smith SR, Ryan DH, Anton SD, McManus K, Champagne CM, Bishop LM, Laranjo N, Leboff MS, Rood JC, de Jonge L, Greenway FL, Loria CM, Obarzanek E, Williamson DA: Comparison of weight-loss diets with different compositions of fat, protein, and carbohydrates. N Engl J Med 2009, 360:9.
• [18]Luscombe-Marsh ND, Noakes M, Wittert GA, Keough JB, Foster P, Clifton PM: Carbohydrate restricted diets high in either monounsaturated fat or protein are equally effective in promoting fat loss and improving blood lipids. Am J Clin Nutr 2005, 81:762-772.
• [19]Keogh JB, Luscombe-Marsh ND, Noakes M, Wittert GA, Clifton PM: Long term weight maintenance and cardiovascular risk factors are not different following weight loss on carbohydrate-restricted diets high in either monounsaturated fat or protein in obese hyperinsulinemic men and women. Br J Nutr 2007, 97:405-410.
• [20]Jéquier E, Bray GA: Low-fat diets are preferred. Am J Med 2002, 113(Suppl):41S-46S.
• [21]Willett WC, Leibel RL: Dietary fat is not a major determinant of body fat. Am J Med 2002, 113(Suppl):47S-59S.
• [22]Skov AR, Toubro S, Rønn B, Holm L, Astrup A: Randomized trial of protein vs carbohydrate in ad libitum fat reduced diet for the treatment of obesity. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1999, 23:528-536.
• [23]Weigle DS, Breen PA, Matthys CC, et al.: A high-protein diet induces sustained reductions in appetite, ad libitum caloric intake, and body weight despite compensatory changes in diurnal plasma leptin and ghrelin concentrations. Am J Clin Nutr 2005, 82:41-48.
• [24]Stanhope KL, Schwarz JM, Keim NL, Griffen SC, Bremer AA, Graham JL, Hatcher B, Cox CL, Dyachenko A, Zhang W, McGahan JP, Seibert A, Krauss RM, Chiu S, Schaefer EJ, Ai M, Otokozawa S, Nakajima K, Nakano R, Beysen C, Hellerstein MK, Berglund L, Havel PJ: Consuming fructose-sweetened, not glucose-sweetened, beverages increases visceral adiposity and lipids and decreases insulin sensitivity in overweight/obese humans. J Clin Invest 2009, 119(5):1322-1334.
• [25]Teff KL, Elliott SS, Tschöp M, Kieffer TJ, Rader D, Heiman M, Townsend RR, Keim NL, D’Alessio D, Havel PJ: Dietary fructose reduces circulating insulin and leptin, attenuates postprandial suppression of ghrelin, and increases triglycerides in women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004, 89:2963-2972.
• [26]Teff KL, Grudziak J, Townsend RR, Dunn TN, Grant RW, Adams SH, Keim NL, Cummings BP, Stanhope KL, Havel PJ: Endocrine and metabolic effects of consuming fructose- and glucose-sweetened beverages with meals in obese men and women: Influence of insulin resistance on plasma triglyceride responses. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009, 94:1562-1569.
• [27]White JS: Misconceptions about high-fructose corn syrup: Is it uniquely responsible for obesity, reactive dicarbonyl compounds and advanced glycation endproducts? J Nutr 2009, 139:1219s-1227s.
• [28]Schulze MB, Manson JE, Ludwig DS, Colditz GA, Stampfer MJ, Willett WC, Hu FB: Sugar-sweetened beverages, weight gain, and incidence of type 2 diabetes in young and middle-aged women. JAMA 2004, 292(8):927-934.
• [29]Johnson RJ, Segal MS, Sautin Y, Nakagawa T, Feig DL, Kang D, Gersch MS, Benner S, Sánchez-Lozada LG: Potential role of sugar (fructose) in the epidemic of hypertension, obesity and the metabolic syndrome, diabetes, kidney disease, and cardiovascular disease. Am J Clin Nutr 2007, 86:899-906.
• [30]Wells HF, Buzby JC: Dietary assessment of major trends in US food consumption, 1970–2005. Economic Information Bulletin No. 33: Economic Research Service, US Department of Agriculture; March 2008; 2009. http://www.ers.usda.gov/Publications/EIB33 webcite
• [31]Melanson K, Zukley L, Lowndes J, Nguyen V, Angelopoulos T, Rippe J: Effects of high fructose corn syrup and sucrose consumption on circulating glucose, insulin, leptin, and ghrelin and on appetite in normal-weight women nutrition. Nutrition 2007, 23:103-112.
• [32]Soenen S, Westerterp-Plantenga MS: No differences in satiety or energy intake after high fructose corn syrup, sucrose, or milk preloads. Am J Clin Nutr 2007, 86:1586-1594.
• [33]Hull H, He Q, Thornton J, Jayed F, et al.: iDXA, Prodigy and DPXL Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry Whole-Body Scans: A cross-calibration study. J Clin Densitometry 2009, 12(1):95-102.
• [34]Rothney MP, Martin FP, Xia Y, et al.: Precision of GE lunar iDXA for the measurement of total and regional body composition in non-obese adults. J Clin Densitometry 2012.
• [35]Hind K, Oldroyd B, Tuscott JG: In vivo precision of the GE Lunar iDXA densitometer for the measure of total body composition and fat distribution in adults. EJCN 2011, 65:140-142.
• [36]Marriott BP, Cole N, Lee E: National Estimates of Dietary Fructose Intake Increased from 1977 to 2004 in the United States. J Nutr 2009, 139:1228S-1235S.
• [37]Stanhope KL, Havel PJ: Endocrine and metabolic effects of consuming beverages sweetened with fructose, glucose, sucrose or high-fructose corn syrup. Am J Clin Nutr 2008, 88:1733S-1737s.
• [38]American Medical Association: Report of the Council on Science and Public Health. 2010. http://www.ama-assn.org/ama1/pub/upload/mm/467/csaph12a07.doc webcite
• [39]American Dietetic Association: hot topics, “high fructose corn syrup.”. 2010. http://www.eatright.org/Public/content.aspx?id=4294967309 webcite
• [40]Havel PJ: Dietary fructose: Implications for dysregulation of energy homeostasis and lipid/carbohydrate metabolism. Nutr Rev 2005, 63:133-157.
• [41]Lustig RH: Childhood obesity: behavioral aberration or biochemical drive? Reinterpreting the First Law of Thermodynamics. Nat Clin Pract Endocrinol Metab 2006, 2:447-458.
• [42]Lustig RH: The Fructose Epidemic. Bariatrician 2009, 24:10.
• [43]Forshee RA, Anderson PA, Storey ML: Sugar-sweetened beverages and body mass index in children and adolescents: a meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr 2008, 87:1662-1671. [published correction appears in Am J Clin Nutr. 2009;89:441– 442]
• [44]Roth CL, et al.: Vitamin D deficiency in obese children and its relationship to insulin resistance and adipokines. J Obes 2011, 495101(2011):7.
• [45]Timms PM, Mannan N, Hitman GA, et al.: Folic acid, vitamin D and prehistoric polymorphisms in the modern environment. J Orthomolec Med 2005, 20:1.
• [46]Rippe J, Price J, Hess S, Kline G, DeMers K, Damitz S, Kreidieh I, Freedson P: Improved psychological well being, quality of life and health practices in moderately overweight women participating in a 12 week structured weight loss program. Obes Res 1998, 6:208-218.
• [47]Foster GD, Wyatt HR, et al.: A randomized trial of a low-carbohydrate diet for obesity. N Engl J Med 2003, 348:2082-2090.
• [48]Rippe JM, Hess S: The role of physical activity in the prevention and management of obesity. J Am Diet Assoc 1998, 38:31.
• [49]US Department of Health and Human Services: Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans. 2008. http://www.health.gov/PAguidelines webcite
• [50]Galipeau D, Verma S, McNeill JH: Female rats are protected against fructose induced changes in metabolism and blood pressure. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2002, 283:H2478-H2484.
• [51]Song D, Arikawa E, Galipeau D, Battell M, McNeill JH: Androgens are necessary for the development of fructose-induced hypertension. Hypertension 2004, 43:667-672.
• [52]Swarbrick MM, Stanhope KL, Elliott SS, Graham JL, Krauss RM, Christiansen MP, Griffen SC, Keim NL, Havel PJ: Consumption of fructose-sweetened beverages for 10 weeks increases postprandial triacylglycerol and apolipoprotein-B concentrations in overweight and obese women. Br J Nutr 2008, 100:947-952.
• [53]Stanhope KL, Griffen SC, Keim NL, Ai M, Otokozawa S, NakajimaK SE, Havel PJ: Consumption of fructose-, but not glucosesweetened beverages produces an atherogenic lipid profile in overweight/obese men and women. Diabetes 2007, 56(Suppl 1):A16.
• [54]Hallfrisch J, Reiser S, Prather ES: Blood lipid distribution of hyperinsulinemic men consuming three levels of fructose. Am J Clin Nutr 1983, 37:740-748.
• [55]Van Gaal LF, Wauters MA, Mertens IL, et al.: Clinical endocrinology of human leptin. Int J Obes 1999, 23:29-36.
• [56]Rosenbaum M, Leibel RL: Role of gonadal steroid in the sexual dimorphisms in body composition and circulating concentrations of leptin. Endocrinology 1999, 84:1784-1789.