Insecticide resistance status in Culex quinquefasciatus in Benin

Particle and Fibre Toxicology

Martin Akogbéto²  Gil Padonou²  Ramasamy Srinivasan⁵  Roseline Attolou⁴  Hanna Jöst³  Ramziath Agbanrin⁴  Kefilath Badirou⁴  Agnes Yadouléton¹ 

[1] Ecole Normale Supérieure de Natitingou-Université de Parakou, Parakou, Benin;Université d’Abomey-Calavi, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Cotonou, Benin;German Centre for Infection Research, partner site Hamburg-Luebeck-Borstel, Hamburg, Germany;Centre de Recherche Entomologique de Cotonou (CREC), Cotonou, République du Bénin;AVRDC-The World Vegetable Center, Shanhua, Tainan 74151, Taiwan

关键词: Benin;    Agriculture;    Resistance;    Insecticide;    Culex quinquefasciatus;   

Others  :  1147912
DOI  :  10.1186/s13071-015-0638-3

 received in 2014-11-11, accepted in 2015-01-02,  发布年份 2015

【 摘 要 】

Background

Culex quinquefasciatus, an arboviral and filarial vector, is present year round in several cities of the Republic of Benin. There is more information on the resistance status to malaria vectors compared to Culicines. It is therefore unfortunate that the international focus is on Anopheles control and not so much done against Cx. quinquefasciatus, a rather more resilient mosquito to many insecticides that deserves attention. The present study aims to assess the resistance status of Cx. quinquefasciatus to carbamates, pyrethroids and organochlorine and discuss the implications for vector control in four contrasting localities of the country.

Methods

Four contrasting localities of the country were selected for mosquito collection during the dry season based on their variation in agricultural production, use of insecticides and/or ecological settings. Bioassay were performed on adults collected from the field to assess the susceptibility of Cx. quinquefasciatus to insecticide-impregnated papers (permethrin 0.75%, delthamethrin 0.05%, DDT 4%, and bendiocarb 0.1%) following WHOPES guidelines. Molecular assays were carried out to detect the presence of knock down resistance (kdr) and acetylcholinesterase (ace. 1) mutations in surviving specimens using PCR techniques.

Results

WHO diagnostic tests showed high frequency of resistance in Cx. quinquefasciatus to permethrin (ranging from 4 to 24% mortality), deltamethrin (24 to 48%), DDT (4 to 12%) and bendiocarb (60 to 76%) in the four selected areas. This was consistent with the presence of target site insensitivity due to kdr and ace.1 mutations, which were significantly higher in areas where farmers used insecticides for pests control than in areas where no insecticides were used (p < 0.05.).

Conclusion

These findings showed that wild populations of Cx. quinquefasciatus have developed resistance against pyrethroids, organochlorine and carbamate. This situation of resistance may seriously jeopardize the efficacy of Insecticide Residual Spray (IRS) and Long-Lasting Insecticide nets (LLINs) on which, most African countries including Benin, rely to reduce malaria transmission.

【 授权许可】

   
2015 Anges et al; licensee BioMed Central.

【 图 表 】

Figure 5.

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