Schistosoma mansoni among pre-school children in Musozi village, Ukerewe Island, North-Western-Tanzania: prevalence and associated risk factors

Particle and Fibre Toxicology

Gerald M. Mkoji²  Domenica Morona³  Rebecca Waihenya⁴  Humphrey D. Mazigo³  Deodatus M. Ruganuza¹ 

[1] Institute of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases (ITROMID), Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya;Centre for Biotechnology Research and Development, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Nairobi, Kenya;Department of Medical Parasitology and Entomology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza, Tanzania;Department of Zoology, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya

关键词: Tanzania;    Pre-school children;    Intensity of infection;    S. mansoni prevalence;   

Others  :  1222207
DOI  :  10.1186/s13071-015-0997-9

 received in 2015-07-01, accepted in 2015-07-09,  发布年份 2015

【 摘 要 】

Background

Recent evidence indicates that pre-school children (PSC) living in S. mansoni highly endemic areas are at similar risk of schistosomiasis infection and morbidity as their school aged siblings. Recognizing this fact, the World Health Organization (WHO) is considering including this age group in highly endemic areas in control programmes using mass drug administration (MDA). However, detailed epidemiological information on S. mansoni infection among PSC is lacking for many endemic areas, specifically in Tanzania. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of S. mansoni infection and its associated risk factors among PSC in Ukerewe Island, North-Western Tanzania.

Methods

This was a cross-sectional study, which studied 400 PSC aged 1–6 years. The Kato-Katz (K-K) technique and the point of care circulating cathodic antigen (CCA) immunodiagnostic test were used to diagnose S. mansoni infection in stool and urine samples respectively. A pre-tested questionnaire was used to collect demographic data and water contact behaviour of the children from their parents/guardians.

Results

Based on the K-K technique, 44.4 % (95 % CI: 39.4–49.4) pre-school children were infected with S. mansoni and the overall geometric mean eggs per gram of faeces (GM-epg) was 110.6 epg with 38.2 and 14.7 % having moderate and heavy intensity infections respectively. Based on the CCA, 80.1 %, (95 % CI: 76.0–84.0) were infected if a trace was considered positive, and 45.9 %, (95 % CI: 40.9–50.9), were infected if a trace was considered negative. Reported history of lake visits (AOR = 2.31, 95 % CI: 1.06–5.01, P < 0.03) and the proximity to the lake shore (<500 m) (AOR = 2.09, 95 % CI: 1.05–4.14, P < 0.03) were significantly associated with S. mansoni infection. Reported lake visit frequency (4–7 days/week) was associated with heavy intensities of S. mansoni infection (P < 0.00).

Conclusion

The prevalence of S. mansoni infection in the study population using K-K and CCA-trace-negative was moderate. The frequency of lake visits and the proximity to the lake shore were associated with the infection of S. mansoni and its intensity. These findings call for the need to include the PSC in MDA programmes, public health education and provision of safe water for bathing.

【 授权许可】

   
2015 Ruganuza et al.

【 图 表 】

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