Use of insecticide quantification kits to investigate the quality of spraying and decay rate of bendiocarb on different wall surfaces in Kagera region, Tanzania

Particle and Fibre Toxicology

Stephen Masingili Magesa¹  Richard Reithinger⁵  Isaiah Ndong⁸  Jessica M Kafuko^1,11  Alexandra Wright⁹  Ritha Willilo¹  Mahdi M Ramsan¹  Fabrizio Molteni⁶  Shabbir Lalji¹  Joshua Mutagahywa¹  Mark Rowland⁹  Natacha Protopopoff⁹  John Vontas²  Evangelia Morou⁷  Charles D Mwalimu^1,10  Isaac Emmanuel³  Frances E Mugalura⁴  Jeremiah M Ngondi¹  Narjis G Thawer¹ 

[1] RTI International, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania;Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, 73100, Greece;ACDI/VOCA, Morogoro, Tanzania;Sengerema Health Institute, Sengerema, Tanzania;RTI international, Washington, DC, USA;Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania;Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK;RTI international, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA;London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK;National Malaria Control Programme, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania;United States Agency for International Development, Abuja, Nigeria

关键词: Tanzania;    Quality of spraying;    IRS coverage;    Residual life;    Indoor residual spraying;    Bendiocarb;    Insecticide quantification kit;   

Others  :  1181790
DOI  :  10.1186/s13071-015-0859-5

 received in 2014-12-10, accepted in 2015-04-14,  发布年份 2015

【 摘 要 】

Background

Bendiocarb was introduced for the first time for Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) in Tanzania in 2012 as part of the interim national insecticide resistance management plan. This move followed reports of increasingly alarming levels of pyrethroid resistance across the country. This study used the insecticide quantification kit (IQK) to investigate the intra-operational IRS coverage and quality of spraying, and decay rate of bendiocarb on different wall surfaces in Kagera region.

Methods

To assess intra-operational IRS coverage and quality of spraying, 104 houses were randomly selected out of 161,414 sprayed houses. A total of 509 samples (218 in Muleba and 291 in Karagwe) were obtained by scraping the insecticide samples from wall surfaces. To investigate decay rate, 66 houses (36 in Muleba and 30 in Karagwe) were selected and samples were collected monthly for a period of five months. Laboratory testing of insecticide concentration was done using IQK^TM [Innovative Vector Control Consortium].

Results

Of the 509 samples, 89.5% met the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended concentration (between 100–400 mg/m²) for IRS target dosage. The proportion of samples meeting WHO standards varied between Karagwe (84.3%) and Muleba (96.3%) (p < 0.001). Assessment of quality of spraying at house level revealed that Muleba (84.8%) had a significantly higher proportion of households that met the expected target dosage (100–400 mg/m²) compared to Karagwe (68.9%) (p < 0.001). The quality of spraying varied across different wall substrates in both districts. Evaluation of bendiocarb decay showed that the proportion of houses with recommended concentration declined from 96.9%, 93.5% and 76.2% at months one, two, and three post IRS, respectively (p-trend = 0.03). The rate of decay increased in the fourth and fifth month post spraying with only 55.9% and 26.3% houses meeting the WHO recommendations, respectively.

Conclusion

IQK is an important tool for assessing IRS coverage and quality of spraying. The study found adequate coverage of IRS; however, residual life of bendiocarb was observed to be three months. Results suggest that in order to maintain the recommended concentrations with bendiocarb, a second spray cycle should be carried out after three months.

【 授权许可】

   
2015 Thawer et al.; licensee BioMed Central.

【 图 表 】

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