Outbreak of febrile illness caused by coxsackievirus A4 in a nursery school in Beijing, China

Virology Journal

Zhao-Jun Duan¹  Jie Li²  Dan-Di Li¹  Xiao-Xin Yang²  Jun-Yong Yang²  Han-Chun Gao¹  Zhi-Ping Xie¹  Meng Qin²  Xiao-Gen Dong²  Jin-Song Li¹ 

[1] National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, 100 Ying-Xin St., Xuan-Wu District 100052, Beijing, China;Fengtai District Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Beijing, 3 Xi An St., Feng-Tai District 100071, Beijing, China

关键词: Control;    Prevention;    Preschool;    Outbreak;    Coxsackievirus A4;   

Others  :  1224922
DOI  :  10.1186/s12985-015-0325-1

 received in 2015-01-31, accepted in 2015-06-15,  发布年份 2015

【 摘 要 】

Background

Coxsackievirus A4 (CV-A4) is classified as human enterovirus A according to its serotype. CV-A4, an etiological agent of hand, foot, and mouth disease, affects children worldwide and can circulate in closed environments such as schools and hospitals for long periods.

Findings

An outbreak of febrile illness at a nursery school in Beijing, China, was confirmed to be caused by CV-A4. Phylogenetic analysis of the complete genome of the isolated strain showed that the virus belongs to the same cluster as the predominant CV-A4 strain in China. This outbreak was controlled by effective measures.

Conclusions

The early identification of the pathogen and timely intervention may be the most critical factors in controlling an outbreak caused by CV-A4 in a preschool.

【 授权许可】

   
2015 Li et al.

【 图 表 】

Fig. 1.

Fig. 2.

【 参考文献 】

• [1]Witso E, Palacios G, Cinek O, Stene LC, Grinde B, Janowitz D et al.. High prevalence of human enterovirus a infections in natural circulation of human enteroviruses. J Clin Microbiol. 2006; 44:4095-100.
• [2]Yang F, Zhang T, Hu Y, Wang X, Du J, Li Y et al.. Survey of enterovirus infections from hand, foot and mouth disease outbreak in China, 2009. Virol J. 2011; 8:508. BioMed Central Full Text
• [3]Hu YF, Yang F, Du J, Dong J, Zhang T, Wu ZQ et al.. Complete genome analysis of coxsackievirus A2, A4, A5, and A10 strains isolated from hand, foot, and mouth disease patients in China revealing frequent recombination of human enterovirus A. J Clin Microbiol. 2011; 49:2426-34.
• [4]Zavate O, Avram G, Pavlov E, Burlea-Iriciuc A, Ivan A, Cotor F. Coxsackie A virus-associated herpetiform angina. Virologie. 1984; 35:49-53.
• [5]Carey DE, Myers RM. Isolation of type A4 coxsackie virus from the blood serum of a child with rapidly fatal illness marked by severe central nervous system manifestations. Indian J Med Res. 1969; 57:765-9.
• [6]Wu PC, Huang LM, Kao CL, Fan TY, Cheng AL, Chang LY. An outbreak of coxsackievirus A16 infection: comparison with other enteroviruses in a preschool in Taipei. J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2010; 43:271-7.
• [7]Nestor I, Costin L, Sovrea D, Ionescu N. Investigations on the presence of enteroviruses in drinking water. Virologie. 1978; 29:203-7.
• [8]Simkova A, Wallnerova Z. Survival of small amounts of Coxsackie A4 virus in Danube river water under laboratory conditions. Acta Virol. 1973; 17:505-6.
• [9]Lu X, Erdman DD. Molecular typing of human adenoviruses by PCR and sequencing of a partial region of the hexon gene. Arch Virol. 2006; 151:1587-602.
• [10]Bellau-Pujol S, Vabret A, Legrand L, Dina J, Gouarin S, Petitjean-Lecherbonnier J et al.. Development of three multiplex RT-PCR assays for the detection of 12 respiratory RNA viruses. J Virol Methods. 2005; 126:53-63.
• [11]Arthur JL, Higgins GD, Davidson GP, Givney RC, Ratcliff RM. A novel bocavirus associated with acute gastroenteritis in Australian children. PLoS Pathog. 2009; 5:e1000391.
• [12]Donofrio JC, Coonrod JD, Davidson JN, Betts RF. Detection of influenza A and B in respiratory secretions with the polymerase chain reaction. PCR Methods Appl. 1992; 1:263-8.
• [13]Savolainen C, Mulders MN, Hovi T. Phylogenetic analysis of rhinovirus isolates collected during successive epidemic seasons. Virus Res. 2002; 85:41-6.
• [14]Ferson MJ, Bell SM. Outbreak of Coxsackievirus A16 hand, foot, and mouth disease in a child day-care center. Am J Public Health. 1991; 81:1675-6.
• [15]Lee CJ, Huang YC, Yang S, Tsao KC, Chen CJ, Hsieh YC et al.. Clinical features of coxsackievirus A4, B3 and B4 infections in children. PLoS One. 2014; 9:e87391.
• [16]Tao Z, Wang H, Li Y, Liu G, Xu A, Lin X et al.. Molecular epidemiology of human enterovirus associated with aseptic meningitis in Shandong Province, China, 2006–2012. PLoS One. 2014; 9:e89766.
• [17]Freeman LA. Cloning full-length transcripts and transcript variants using 5' and 3' RACE. Methods Mol Biol. 2013; 1027:3-17.
• [18]Chu PY, Lu PL, Tsai YL, Hsi E, Yao CY, Chen YH et al.. Spatiotemporal phylogenetic analysis and molecular characterization of coxsackievirus A4. Infect Genet Evol. 2011; 11:1426-35.
• [19]Solomon T, Lewthwaite P, Perera D, Cardosa MJ, McMinn P, Ooi MH. Virology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, and control of enterovirus 71. Lancet Infect Dis. 2010; 10:778-90.
• [20]McMinn PC. An overview of the evolution of enterovirus 71 and its clinical and public health significance. FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2002; 26:91-107.