Avian roosting behavior influences vector-host interactions for West Nile virus hosts

Particle and Fibre Toxicology

A Marm Kilpatrick²  Peter P Marra³  William M Janousek¹ 

[1] Current address: Avian Science Center, Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59802, USA;Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA;Migratory Bird Center, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Washington, DC 20008, USA

关键词: Evolution;    Fitness;    Flocking;    Model;    Vector:host ratio;    Vector-host contact rates;    Group size;    Sociality;   

Others  :  1150803
DOI  :  10.1186/1756-3305-7-399

 received in 2014-06-11, accepted in 2014-08-22,  发布年份 2014

【 摘 要 】

Background

Extensive work has shown that vectors almost never feed at random. Often, a subset of individual hosts and host species are fed on much more frequently than expected from their abundance and this can amplify pathogen transmission. However, the drivers of variation in contact patterns between vectors and their hosts are not well understood, even in relatively well-studied systems such as West Nile virus (WNV).

Methods

We compared roosting height and roost aggregation size of seven avian host species of WNV with patterns of host-seeking mosquito (Culex pipiens) abundance at communal and non-communal roost sites.

Results

First, host-seeking mosquito abundance increased with height and paralleled increased mosquito feeding preferences on species roosting higher in the tree canopy. Second, there were several hundred-fold fewer mosquitoes per bird trapped at American robin (Turdus migratorius) communal roosts compared to non-communal roost sites, which could reduce transmission from and to this key amplifying host species. Third, seasonal changes in communal roost formation may partly explain observed seasonal changes in mosquito feeding patterns, including a decrease in feeding on communal roosting robins.

Conclusions

These results illustrate how variation in habitat use by hosts and vectors and social aggregation by hosts influence vector-host interactions and link the behavioral ecology of birds and the transmission of vector-borne diseases to humans.

【 授权许可】

   
2014 Janousek et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

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