Brazilian and Mexican experiences in the study of incipient domestication

Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine

Ulysses Paulino Albuquerque⁴  Susana Guillén³  Xitlali Aguirre³  Fabiola Parra⁴  Alejandro Casas³  Nivaldo Peroni²  Ernani Machado de Freitas Lins Neto¹ 

[1] Department of Sciences of Nature at Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Campus Senhor do Bonfim, Bahia, Brazil;Department of Ecology and Zoology at Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil;Centro de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas at Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Morelia-Michoacán, Michoacán, Mexico;Department of Biology, Laboratory of Applied and Theoretical Ethnobiology (LEA) at Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil

关键词: Plant management;    Incipient domestication;    Ethnobotany;    Domestication;    Crop evolution;    Biodiversity conservation;   

Others  :  804182
DOI  :  10.1186/1746-4269-10-33

 received in 2013-03-28, accepted in 2014-03-05,  发布年份 2014

【 摘 要 】

Background

Studies of domestication enables a better understanding of human cultures, landscape changes according to peoples’ purposes, and evolutionary consequences of human actions on biodiversity. This review aimed at discussing concepts, hypotheses, and current trends in studies of domestication of plants, using examples of cases studied in regions of Mesoamerica and Brazil. We analyzed trends of ethnobiological studies contributing to document processes of domestication and to establish criteria for biodiversity conservation based on traditional ecological knowledge.

Methods

Based on reviewing our own and other authors’ studies we analyzed management patterns and evolutionary trends associated to domestication occurring at plant populations and landscape levels. Particularly, we systematized information documenting: ethnobotanical aspects about plant management and artificial selection mechanisms, morphological consequences of plant management, population genetics of wild and managed plant populations, trends of change in reproduction systems of plants associated to management, and other ecological and physiological aspects influenced by management and domestication.

Results

Based on the analysis of study cases of 20 native species of herbs, shrubs and trees we identified similar criteria of artificial selection in different cultural contexts of Mexico and Brazil. Similar evolutionary trends were also identified in morphology (selection in favor of gigantism of useful and correlated parts); organoleptic characteristics such as taste, toxicity, color, texture; reproductive biology, mainly breeding system, phenological changes, and population genetics aspects, maintenance or increasing of genetic diversity in managed populations, high gene flow with wild relatives and low structure maintained by artificial selection. Our review is a first attempt to unify research methods for analyzing a high diversity of processes. Further research should emphasize deeper analyses of contrasting and diverse cultural and ecological contexts for a better understanding of evolution under incipient processes of domestication.

Conclusion

Higher research effort is particularly required in Brazil, where studies on this topic are scarcer than in Mexico but where diversity of human cultures managing their also high plant resources diversity offer high potential for documenting the diversity of mechanisms of artificial selection and evolutionary trends. Comparisons and evaluations of incipient domestication in the regions studied as well as the Andean area would significantly contribute to understanding origins and diffusion of the experience of managing and domesticating plants.

【 授权许可】

   
2014 Lins Neto et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

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