Biochemical and physiological bases for utilization of dietary amino acids by young Pigs

Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology

Guoyao Wu¹  Junjun Wang¹  Zhaolai Dai¹  Zhenlong Wu¹  Weiwei Wang¹  Reza Rezaei² 

[1] State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China;Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 77843, USA

关键词: Pigs;    Nutrition;    Metabolism;    Amino acids;   

Others  :  813263
DOI  :  10.1186/2049-1891-4-7

 received in 2012-10-06, accepted in 2013-02-19,  发布年份 2013

【 摘 要 】

Protein is quantitatively the most expensive nutrient in swine diets. Hence it is imperative to understand the physiological roles played by amino acids in growth, development, lactation, reproduction, and health of pigs to improve their protein nutrition and reduce the costs of pork production. Due to incomplete knowledge of amino acid biochemistry and nutrition, it was traditionally assumed that neonatal, post-weaning, growing-finishing, and gestating pigs could synthesize sufficient amounts of all "nutritionally nonessential amino acids" (NEAA) to support maximum production performance. Therefore, over the past 50 years, much emphasis has been placed on dietary requirements of nutritionally essential amino acids as building blocks for tissue proteins. However, a large body of literature shows that NEAA, particularly glutamine, glutamate, arginine and proline regulate physiological functions via cell signaling pathways, such as mammalian target of rapamycin, AMP-activated protein kinase, extracellular signal-related kinase, Jun kinase, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and NEAA-derived gaseous molecules (e.g., nitric oxide, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen sulfide). Available evidence shows that under current feeding programs, only 70% and 55% of dietary amino acids are deposited as tissue proteins in 14-day-old sow-reared piglets and in 30-day-old pigs weaned at 21 days of age, respectively. Therefore, there is an urgent need to understand the roles and dietary requirements of NEAA in swine nutrition. This review highlights the basic biochemistry and physiology of absorption and utilization of amino acids in young pigs to enhance the efficacy of utilization of dietary protein and to minimize excretion of nitrogenous wastes from the body.

【 授权许可】

   
2013 Rezaei et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

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