Atrazine removal from aqueous solutions using submerged biological aerated filter

Journal of Environmental Health Science Engineering

Zahra Derakhshan²  Simin Nasseri¹  Mohammad Ali Baghapour² 

[1] Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health and Nutrition, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran

关键词: Aquatic environment;    Biological filter;    Submerge aerated filter;    Biodegradation;    Herbicide;    Atrazine;   

Others  :  820713
DOI  :  10.1186/2052-336X-11-6

 received in 2013-01-06, accepted in 2013-05-14,  发布年份 2013

【 摘 要 】

Atrazine is widely used in the agriculture as an herbicide. Due to its high mobility, Atrazine leaks into the groundwaters, surface waters, and drinking water wells. Many physical and chemical methods have been suggested for removing Atrazine from aquatic environments. However, these methods are very costly, have many performance problems, produce a lot of toxic intermediates which are very harmful and dangerous, and cannot completely mineralize Atrazine. In this study, biodegradation of Atrazine by microbial consortium was evaluated in the aquatic environment. In order to assess the Atrazine removal from the aquatic environment, submerged biological aerated filter (SBAF) was fed with synthetic wastewater based on sucrose and Atrazine at different hydraulic retention times (HRTs). The maximum efficiencies for Atrazine and Soluble Chemical Oxygen Demand (SCOD) removal were 97.9% and 98.9%, respectively. The study findings showed that Stover-Kincannon model had very good fitness (R² > 99%) in loading Atrazine in the biofilter and by increasing the initial concentration of Atrazine, the removal efficiency increased. Aerobic mixed biofilm culture was observed to be suitable for the treatment of Atrazine from aquatic environment. There was no significant inhibition effect on mixed aerobic microbial consortia. Atrazine degradation depended on the strength of wastewater and the amount of Atrazine in the influent.

【 授权许可】

   
2013 Baghapour et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

Figure 1.

Figure 2.

Figure 3.

Figure 4.

Figure 5.

Figure 6.

Figure 7.

Figure 8.

【 参考文献 】

• [1]Tappin AD, Loughnane JP, McCrthy A, Fitzsimons MF: Removal of Atrazine from river waters by indigenous microorganisms. Environ Chem Lett 2012, 10:89-96.
• [2]Macias-Flores A, Tafoya-Garnica A, Ruiz-Ordaz N, Salmeron-Alcocer A, Juarez-Ramirez C, Ahutzi-Chacon D, Mondragon-Parada E, Galindez-Mayer J: Atrazine biodegradation by a bacterial community immobilized in two types of packed-bed biofilm reactors. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2009, 25:2195-2204.
• [3]Cole AL: Co-removal of Atrazine and nitrate from groundwater using a Mulch biofilm. In Civil Engineering. Nebraska: Faculty of The Graduate College at the University of Nebraska; 2012:176.
• [4]Satsuma K, Jayachandran K, Moorman TB: Complete biodegradation of atrazine by a microbial community isolated from a naturally derived river ecosystem (microcosm). Chemosphere 2009, 4(77):590-596.
• [5]Evy Alice Abigail M, Lakshmi V, Nilanjana D: Microbial degradation of Atrazine, commonly used herbicide. Int J Advanc Biol Res 2012, 2(1):16-23.
• [6]Ghosh PK, Philip L: Enviromental significance of atrazine in aqueous systems and its removal by biological processes: an overview. Global NEST J 2006, 8(2):159-178.
• [7]Chan KH, Chu W: Modeling the reaction kinetics of Fenton's process on the removal of atrazine. Chemosphere 2003, 51:305-311.
• [8]Hunter WJ, Shaner DL: Biological remediation of groundwater containing both nitrate and atrazine. Curr Microbiol 2010, 60:42-46.
• [9]Chaparadza HJ, Hossenlopp JM: Adsorption kinetics, isotherms and thermodynamics of atrazine removal using a banana peel based sorbent. Water Sci Technol 2012, 65(5):940-947.
• [10]Wang Q, Xie S: Isolation and characterization of a high-efficiency soil atrazine-degrading Arthrobacter sp. strain. Int Biodeter Biodegr 2012, 71:61-66.
• [11]Marecik R, Króliczak P, Czaczyk K, Bialas W, Olejnik A, Cyplik P: Atrazine degradation by aerobic microorganisms isolated from the rhizosphere of sweet flag (Acorus calamus L.). Biodegradation 2008, 19:293-301.
• [12]Sene L, Converti A, Aparecida Ribeiro Secchi G, Cassia Garcia Simao R: New aspects on Atrazine biodegradation. Braz Arch Biol Tech 2010, 35(2):487-496.
• [13]Tafoya-Garnica A, Macias-Flores A, Ruiz-Ordaz N, Guarez-Ramirez C, Galindez-Mayer J: Kinetics of atrazine biodegradation by suspended and immobilized mixedmicrobial cells cultivated in continuous systems. J Chem Technol Biotechnol 2009, 84:982-991.
• [14]Rezaee D, Haghnia GH, Lakzian A, Hassanzadeh Khaiat M, Nassirli H: Biodegradation of Atrazine in different concentrations by Pseudomonas bacteria. J Plant Protect 2011, 25(2):223-226.
• [15]Du J, Zhang Y, Ma Y, Li J, Zhang Q: Simulation study of atrazine-contaminated soil biodegradation by strain W16. Proc Environ Sci 2011, 11:1488-1492.
• [16]Van Leeuwen JA, Wltner-Toews D, Abernathy T, Smit B, Shoukri M: Associations between stomach cancer incidence and drinking water contamination with Atrazine and Nitrate in Ontario (Canada) agroecosystems, 1987–1991. Int J Epidemiol 1999, 28:836-840.
• [17]Lazorko-Connon S: Atrazine: its occurrence and photochemical treatment in water. Calgary, Alberta: Civil engineering; 2011:162.
• [18]Cho-Yin C: Detoxification and degradation of Triazine-pollutants by an integrated photochemicl-biological system. Hong Kong: Chinese university of HongKong; 2005:153.
• [19]Gricic I, Koprivanac N, Vujevic D: Removal of Atrazine herbicide from model wastewater. Tecnolgia Quimica 2009, 10109(1):32-42.
• [20]Sharma RK, Kumar A, Joseph PE: Removal of atrazine from water by low cost adsorbents derived from agricultural and industrial wastes. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2008, 80(5):461-464.
• [21]Norouzi P, Larijani B, Ganjali MR, Faridbod F: Admittometric electrochemical determination of Atrazine by nano-composite immune-biosensor using FFT- square wave voltammetry. Int J Electrochem Sci 2012, 7:10414-10426.
• [22]Kannan K, Ridal J, Struger J: Pesticides in the Great Lakes. In Persistent Organic Pollutants in the Great Lakes. Edited by Hites RA. Berlin Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag; 2006. [The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, Part 5 / 5N]
• [23]Grover R, Cessna A: Environmental Chemistry of Herbicides, Volume 2. 1st edition. Florida: CRC Press; 1991.
• [24]Spalding RF, Exner ME, Snow DD, Cassada DA, Burbach ME, Monson SJ: Herbicides in ground water beneath Nebraska’s management systems evaluation area. J Environ Qual 2003, 32:92-99.
• [25]Farré M, Martínez E, Ramon J, Navarro A, Radjenovic J, Mauriz E, Lechuga L, Marco MP, Barcelo D: Part per trillion determination of atrazine in natural water samples by a surface plasmon resonance immunosensor. Anal Bioanal Chem 2007, 388(1):207-214.
• [26]Getenga Z, Dörfler U, Iwobi A, Schmid M, Schroll R: Atrazine and terbuthylazine mineralization by an Arthrobacter sp. isolated from a sugarcane-cultivated soil in Kenya. Chemosphere 2009, 77:534-539.
• [27]Beale DJ, Porter NA, Rpddick FA: A fast screening method for the presence of atrazine and other triazines in water using flow injection with chemiluminescent detection. Talanta 2009, 78:342-347.
• [28]Katsumata H, Kojima H, Kaneco S, Suzuki T, Ohta K: Preconcentration of atrazine and simazine with multiwalled carbon nanotubes as solid-phase extraction disk. Microchem J 2010, 96(2):348-351.
• [29]Katsumata H, Kaneco S, Suzuki T, Ohta K: Determination of atrazine and simazine in water samples by high-performance liquid chromatography after preconcentration with heat-treated diatomaceous earth. Anal Chim Acta 2006, 577(2):214-219.
• [30]World Health Organization (WHO): Atrazine in drinking-water: background document for development of WHO guidelines for drinking-water quality. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2003:2-3.
• [31]Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of IRAN: Drinking water -Physical and chemical specifications. 5th edition. Iran; 1997. (in Persian)
• [32]Nasseri S, Dehghani M, Amin S, Naddafi K, Zamanian Z: Fate of Atrazine in the agricultural soil of corn fields in Fars province of Iran. Iran J Environ Health Sci Eng 2009, 6(4):223-232.
• [33]Evy Alice Abigail M, Nilanjana D: Biodegradation of atrazine by Cryptococcus laurentii isolated from contaminated agricultural soil. J Microbiol Biotechnol Res 2012, 2(3):450-457.
• [34]Pathak RK, Dikshit AK: Various techniques for Atrazine removal. Int Conf Life Sci Technol 2011, 3:19-22.
• [35]Wei MJ, Wang H, Liu C, Ning D: Bioaugmentation with immobilized genetically engineered microorganism (GEM)/CAS process for treatment of atrazine wastewater. Biol Sci 2008, 29(6):1555-1560.
• [36]Giardina MC, Giardi MT, Filacchione G: Atrazine metabolism by Nocardia: elucidation of the initial pathway and synthesis of potential metabolites. Agric Biol Chem 1982, 46:1439-1445.
• [37]Struthers JK, Jayachandran K, Moorman TB: Biodegradation of atrazine by Agrobacterium radiobacter J14a and use of this strain in Bioremediation of contaminated soil. Appl Environ Microbiol 1998, 64:3368-3375.
• [38]Yenze-Kontchou C, Gschwind N: Mineralization of atrazine as a carbon source by a Pseudomonas strain. Appl Environ Microbiol 1994, 60(12):4297-4302.
• [39]Jessee JA, Benoit RAL, Hendricks AC, Allen GC, Neal JL: Anaerobic degradation of cyanuric acid, cystein, and atrazine by a facultative anaerobic bacteria. Appl Environ Microbiol 1983, 45:97-102.
• [40]Houot S, Barriuso E, Bergheaud V: Modifications to atrazine degradation pathways in a loamy soil after addition of organic amendments. Soil Biol Biochem 1998, 30:2147-2157.
• [41]Masaphy S, Mandelbaum RT: Atrazine mineralization in slurries from soils irrigated with treated waste water. Appl Soil Ecol 1997, 6(3):283-291.
• [42]Shapir N, Mandelbaum RT, Jacobsen CS: Rapid atrazine mineralization under denitrifying conditions by Pseudomonas sp. strain ADP in aquifer sediments. Environ Sci Technol 1998, 32(23):3789-3792.
• [43]Topp E: A comparison of three atrazine-degrading bacteria for soil bioremediation. Biol Fertil Soils 2001, 33:529-534.
• [44]Crowford JJ, Sims GK, Mulvaney RL, Radosevich M: Biodegradation of atrazine under denitrifying conditions. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 1998, 49(5):618-623.
• [45]Yang C, Li Y, Zhang K, Wang X, Ma C, Tang H, Xu P: Atrazine degradation by a simple consortium of Klebsiella sp. A1 and Comamonas sp. A2 in nitrogen enriched medium. Biodegradation 2010, 21:97-105.
• [46]AHAP: Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. Washington DC: American Public Health Association; 1998.
• [47]Ghosh PK, Philip L: Atrazine degradation in anaerobic environment by a mixed microbial consortium. Water Res 2004, 38:2277-2284.
• [48]Baghapour MA, Jabbari E, Baskaran K: Reducing of excess sludge production in wastewater treatment using combined anaerobic/ aerobic submerged biological filters. Iran J Environ Health Sci Eng 2011, 8(3):207-218.
• [49]Stover EL, Kincannon DF: Rotating biological contactors scale-up and design. In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Fixed Film Biological Process. Kings Island, Ohio; 1982.
• [50]Biglione N, Rodgers VGJ, Peeples TL: Determining design and scale-up parameters for degradation of Atrazine with suspended Pseudomonas sp. ADP in aqueous bioreactors. Biotechnol Prog 2008, 24:588-592.
• [51]Cheyns K, Mertens J, Diels J, Smolders E, Springael D: Monod kinetics rather than a first-order degradation model explains Atrazine fate in soil mini-columns: implications for pesticide fate modelling. Environ Pollut 2010, 158:1405-1411.