Gut Pharmacomicrobiomics: the tip of an iceberg of complex interactions between drugs and gut-associated microbes

Gut Pathogens

Ramy K Aziz²  Mariam R Rizkallah¹  Rama Saad¹ 

[1] The American University in Cairo, New Cairo, Egypt;Current address: Systems Biology Research Group, UC San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0412, USA

关键词: Pharmacomicrobiomics;    Pharmacodynamics;    Pharmacokinetics;    Metabonomics;    Metabolomics;    Microbiota;    Metagenome;    Liver enzymes;    Xenobitoics;    Human microbiome project;   

Others  :  821854
DOI  :  10.1186/1757-4749-4-16

 received in 2012-11-13, accepted in 2012-11-20,  发布年份 2012

【 摘 要 】

The influence of resident gut microbes on xenobiotic metabolism has been investigated at different levels throughout the past five decades. However, with the advance in sequencing and pyrotagging technologies, addressing the influence of microbes on xenobiotics had to evolve from assessing direct metabolic effects on toxins and botanicals by conventional culture-based techniques to elucidating the role of community composition on drugs metabolic profiles through DNA sequence-based phylogeny and metagenomics. Following the completion of the Human Genome Project, the rapid, substantial growth of the Human Microbiome Project (HMP) opens new horizons for studying how microbiome compositional and functional variations affect drug action, fate, and toxicity (pharmacomicrobiomics), notably in the human gut. The HMP continues to characterize the microbial communities associated with the human gut, determine whether there is a common gut microbiome profile shared among healthy humans, and investigate the effect of its alterations on health. Here, we offer a glimpse into the known effects of the gut microbiota on xenobiotic metabolism, with emphasis on cases where microbiome variations lead to different therapeutic outcomes. We discuss a few examples representing how the microbiome interacts with human metabolic enzymes in the liver and intestine. In addition, we attempt to envisage a roadmap for the future implications of the HMP on therapeutics and personalized medicine.

【 授权许可】

   
2012 Saad et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

Figure 1.

Figure 2.

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