Innate immunity in the Grid2Lc/+ mouse model of cerebellar neurodegeneration: glial CD95/CD95L plays a non-apoptotic role in persistent neuron loss-associated inflammatory reactions in the cerebellum

Journal of Neuroinflammation

Jean Mariani³  Yannick Bailly²  Paul Derer¹  Béatrice Vernet-der Garabedian¹ 

[1] CNRS UMR7102, Paris F75005, France;UPR 2356 CNRS, Strasbourg, France;Hôpital Charles Foix, Institut de la Longévité, Ivry-sur-Seine, 94205, France

关键词: Grid2 gene;    Lurcher;    Soluble CD95L;    IL-6;    GFAP;    Cytokines;    Microglia;    Astrocyte;    Glial reaction;   

Others  :  1159965
DOI  :  10.1186/1742-2094-10-65

 received in 2012-12-17, accepted in 2013-04-12,  发布年份 2013

【 摘 要 】

Background

There is growing evidence that the death receptor CD95 has a wider role in non-apoptotic functions. In the brain, it may contribute to neural death and to the associated inflammatory reaction via a non-apoptotic pathway. Brain injury triggers an inflammatory reaction in which the CD95/CD95L system acts principally through peripheral cells recruited to the lesion. In cases of inflammation within the brain, with no blood–brain barrier leakage, the role of the CD95/CD95L system is thus unclear. We investigated the possible role of CD95 and CD95L in such conditions, by studying the relationships between glial cell activation, neuron death and CD95/CD95L expression in the cerebellum of the Lurcher (Grid2^Lc/+) mutant mouse, a model of cerebellar neurodegeneration.

Methods

Glial cells in slices of wild-type and Lurcher mouse cerebella were observed by light microscopy at various ages overlapping periods of neuron loss and of pre- and post-neurodegeneration. Subcellular organization was studied by electron microscopy. We assessed CD95 levels by western blotting, RT-PCR and glial cell cultures. The levels of CD95L and IL-6 were studied by ELISA and a biological assay, respectively.

Results

In the Grid2^Lc/+cerebellum, neuron loss triggers a typical, but abnormally persistent, inflammatory reaction. We identified two phases of astrogliosis: an early burst of large glial cell activation, peaking at postnatal days 25 to 26, coinciding with peak cerebellar neuron loss, followed by a long period of slow decline indicating that the strength of the glial reaction is modulated by neuron mortality rates. Comparisons of time-courses of glial cell activation, cytokine production and neuron loss revealed that the number of surviving neurons decreased as CD95 increased. Thus, CD95 cannot be directly involved in neuron death, and its role must be limited to a contribution to the inflammatory reaction. The upregulation of CD95 likely on astrocytes coincides with increases in the levels of IL-6, a cytokine produced principally by astrocytes, and soluble CD95L.

Conclusions

These results suggest that CD95 and soluble CD95L contribute, via non-apoptotic signaling, to the inflammatory reaction initiated early in neuron death within the Grid2^Lc/+ cerebellum.

【 授权许可】

   
2013 Vernet-der Garabedian et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

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