Estrogen exposure, obesity and thyroid disease in women with severe pulmonary hypertension

European Journal of Medical Research

Norbert F Voelkel¹  Lori Sweeney² 

[1] Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA;Endocrinology and Metabolism Divison, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA

关键词: Obesity;    Autoimmunity;    Thyroid Disease;    Menopause;    Estrogen;    Severe pulmonary hypertension;   

Others  :  1093529
DOI  :  10.1186/2047-783X-14-10-433

 received in 2009-06-19, accepted in 2009-06-24,  发布年份 2009

【 摘 要 】

Severe pulmonary hypertension is a lethal group of disorders which preferentially afflicts women. It appears that in recent years the patient profile has shifted towards older, obese, and postmenopausal women, suggesting that endocrine factors may be important. Several studies have revealed an increased prevalence of thyroid disease in these patients, but no studies have evaluated for a coexistence of endocrine factors. In particular, no studies have attempted to evaluate for concurrent thyroid disease, obesity and long-term estrogen exposure in patients.

88 patients attending the Pulmonary Hypertension Association 8th International meeting completed a questionnaire and were interviewed. Information was collected regarding reproductive history, height, weight, and previous diagnosis of thyroid disease.

46% met criteria for obesity. 41% reported a diagnosis of thyroid disease. 81% of women reported prior use of hormone therapy. 70% reported greater than 10 years of exogenous hormone use. 74% of female patients reported two or more of potentially disease modifying endocrine factors (obesity, thyroid disease or estrogen therapy).

The coexistent high prevalence in our cohort of exogenous estrogen exposure, thyroid disease and obesity suggests that an interaction of multiple endocrine factors might contribute to the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension and may represent epigenetic modifiers in genetically-susceptible individuals.

【 授权许可】

   
2009 I. Holzapfel Publishers

【 图 表 】

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