Feasibility study of veterinary antibiotic consumption in Germany - comparison of ADDs and UDDs by animal production type, antimicrobial class and indication

BMC Veterinary Research

Lothar Kreienbrock²  Walther Honscha¹  Annemarie Käsbohrer³  Peter Hajek¹  Yvonne Mollenhauer²  Christine Hegger-Gravenhorst²  Matthias Robanus¹  Roswitha Merle² 

[1] Veterinary Faculty of Universität Leipzig, Institute for Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Toxicology, An den Tierkliniken 15, Leipzig D-04103, Germany;Department of Biometry, Epidemiology and Information Processing, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, WHO-Centre Veterinary Public Health, Bünteweg 2, Hannover D-30559, Germany;Department Biological Safety, Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, Berlin 10589, Germany

关键词: Cephalosporins;    Macrolides;    Fluoroquinolones;    Tetracyclines;    Livestock;    VetCAb;   

Others  :  1119363
DOI  :  10.1186/1746-6148-10-7

 received in 2013-03-20, accepted in 2013-12-31,  发布年份 2014

【 摘 要 】

Background

Within a feasibility study the use of antibiotics in pigs and cattle was determined in 24 veterinary practices in Lower Saxony and on 66 farms in North Rhine-Westphalia in Germany. Focus was laid on the comparison of the Used Daily Doses (UDD) (dose per animal and day prescribed by the veterinarians) with the Defined Animal Daily Doses (ADD) (dose per animal and day calculated by means of recommended dosages and estimated live weights).

Results

For piglets and calves most of the UDD (50% and 46% of nUDD, respectively) were above the ADD (i.e. UDD/ADD-ratio above 1.25). Regarding sows, fattening pigs, dairy and beef cattle, most of the UDDs (49% to 65% of nUDD) were lower than the respective ADD (i.e. UDD/ADD-ratio below 0.8). In pigs, the UDDs of beta-lactams, fluoroquinolones and cephalosporins, and in cattle, those of macrolides and beta-lactams were often below the ADDs. Tetracyclines were frequently used above the recommended dose.

Enteric diseases were more often treated below the recommended dose than respiratory diseases, possibly due to overestimation of the live weight (diarrhea in young animals, respiratory diseases in elder animals) and consequently overestimation of the recommended dose.

Conclusion

Comparisons between UDD and ADD can be used to observe differences between antimicrobials and trends in the usage of antibiotics. But individual treatment comparisons of UDD and ADD must be interpreted carefully, because they may be due to lower live weights than estimated. Correlating such data with data on the occurrence of resistant bacteria in future may help to improve resistance prevention and control.

【 授权许可】

   
2014 Merle et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

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